Fundamental Gross Motor Skill Performance by Girls and Boys with Learning Disabilities

Woodard, Rebecca J.; Surburg, Paul R.

doi:10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.867

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Studied by [23] showed boys achieved higher mean scores than the girls in the locomotor and object control skills subtests of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD). Difference in gross motor development between 7 years old boys and girls was also found in other study [24], and [25] reported gender difference in the performance of object control skill subtest of TGMD, stated that boy had better object control skill than their female counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notice of Retraction The assessment of gross motor skills development among down syndrome children in Klang Valley

Hasan

Abdullah

Suun

2012

2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research

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Gross motor skills is one of the precursors for successful involvement in any sports and physical activities performance. This study investigated the gross motor skills development among Down syndrome children in Klang Valley. 30 children (16 boys and 14 girls) participated in this study with the age range from 3-10 years old. They were assessed on locomotor and object control skills. It includes running, galloping, hoping, leaping, horizontal jumping, and sliding, striking, dribbling, kicking, catching, throwing and underhand roll. 10.0% of the children scored Above Average on the ratings, 30.0% Average, 23.3% Below Average, 20% Poor and 16.67% Very Poor. The mean score for boys on locomotor skills was 5.8 (SD 3.8) while for girls 6.3 (SD 2.8). The mean score for boys on object control skills was 9.6 (SD 3.5) while for the girls 9.5 (SD 3.93). There was no significant difference between boys and girls in locomotor skills. Results for object control skills also showed no significant different between boys and girls. The result shows that there was positive relationship between locomotor skills and object control skills among boys and girl. Suitable intervention strategies have to be implemented to improve the gross motor skills development among the participants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notice of Retraction The assessment of gross motor skills development among down syndrome children in Klang Valley

Hasan

Abdullah

Suun

2012

2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research

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“…Gender differences in the performance of fundamental motor skills have also been established in typically developing population (Aponte, French & Sherrill, 1990;Haubenstricker & Seefeldt, 1986;Krebs, 2000;Langendorfer, 1986). The performance of boys generally exceeds that of girls, with boys achieving significantly higher mean scores than girls in object control skills (Malina & Bouchard, 1991;Nelson, Thomas, Nelson, & Abraham, 1986;Woodard & Surburg, 1997;Ulrich, 2000). Much less is known about children with atypical development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The first edition of the Test of Gross Motor Development (Ulrich, 1985), one of the most frequently used tools in the field of adapted physical education (Burton, & Miller, 1998), has been shown to be valid and reliable for assessing fundamental movement skills. This instrument has been used for children without disabilities (Kim, 2003;Woodard & Surburg, 1997) as well as children with mild intellectual disability (Burton, & Miller, 1998;Evaggelinou, Tsigilis, & Papa, 2002). The second edition of The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2;Ulrich, 2000) is also a norm and criterion referenced test that emphasizes a process-oriented approach to the assessment of fundamental movements (Krebs, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Reliability of the TGMD-2 in 7–10-Year-Old Flemish Children with Intellectual Disability

Simons¹,

Daly

Theodorou

et al. 2008

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly

104

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The purpose of this study was to assess validity and reliability of the TGMD-2 on Flemish children with intellectual disability. The total sample consisted of 99 children aged 7-10 years of which 67 were boys and 32 were girls. A factor analysis supported a two factor model of the TGMD-2. A low significant age effect was also found for the object control skill but not for locomotor ability. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the results of the children of the United States without intellectual disability and Flemish children with mild intellectual disability.

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“…The first and second editions of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) (Dale Allen Ulrich & Sanford, 1985) have been shown to be valid and reliable tools to assess gross motor skills in children without (Nadia Cristina Valentini, 2012;Wong & Yin Cheung, 2010;J.-T. Kim, 2001;Woodard & Surburg, 1997) and with (Allen, Bredero, Van Damme, Ulrich, & Simons, 2017;Benedict et al, 2011;Simons et al, 2008) mild intellectual disability. The current slightly modified third edition (TGMD-3), as the previous ones, is a process-oriented test of gross motor skills in young children, aged 3-10 years (D.A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement invariance of TGMD-3 in children with and without mental and behavioral disorders.

Magistro

Piumatti

Carlevaro

et al. 2018

Psychological Assessment

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This study evaluated whether the Test of Gross Motor Development 3 (TGMD-3) is a reliable tool to compare children with and without mental and behavioral disorders across gross motor skill domains. A total of 1,075 children (aged 3–11 years), 98 with mental and behavioral disorders and 977 without (typically developing), were included in the analyses. The TGMD-3 evaluates fundamental gross motor skills of children across two domains: locomotor skills and ball skills. Two independent testers simultaneously observed children’s performances (agreement over 95%). Each child completed one practice and then two formal trials. Scores were recorded only during the two formal trials. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis tested the assumption of TGMD-3 measurement invariance across disability groups. According to the magnitude of changes in root mean square error of approximation and comparative fit index between nested models, the assumption of measurement invariance across groups was valid. Loadings of the manifest indicators on locomotor and ball skills were significant (p < .001) in both groups. Item response theory analysis showed good reliability results across locomotor and the ball skills full latent traits. The present study confirmed the factorial structure of TGMD-3 and demonstrated its feasibility across normally developing children and children with mental and behavioral disorders. These findings provide new opportunities for understanding the effect of specific intervention strategies on this population.

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Fundamental Gross Motor Skill Performance by Girls and Boys with Learning Disabilities

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Notice of Retraction The assessment of gross motor skills development among down syndrome children in Klang Valley

Notice of Retraction The assessment of gross motor skills development among down syndrome children in Klang Valley

Validity and Reliability of the TGMD-2 in 7–10-Year-Old Flemish Children with Intellectual Disability

Measurement invariance of TGMD-3 in children with and without mental and behavioral disorders.

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