Fullerenol C60(OH)36 could associate to band 3 protein of human erythrocyte membranes

Abstract

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of fullerenol C60(OH)36 on chosen parameters of the human erythrocyte membrane and the preliminary estimation of the properties of fullerenol as a potential linking agent transferring the compounds (e.g., anticancer drugs) into the membrane of erythrocytes. The results obtained in this study confirm the impact of fullerenol on erythrocyte cytoskeletal transmembrane proteins, particularly on the band 3 protein. The presence of fullerenol in each of the concentrations used prevented degradation of the band 3 protein. The results show that changes in the morphology of red blood cells caused by high concentrations of fullerenol (up to 150mg/L) did not lead to increased red blood cell hemolysis or the leakage of potassium. Moreover, fullerenol slightly prevented hemolysis and potassium efflux. The protective effect of fullerenol at the concentration of 150mg/L was 20.3%, and similar results were obtained for the efflux of potassium. The study shows that fullerenol slightly changed the morphology of the cells and, therefore, altered the intracellular organization of erythrocytes through the association with cytoskeletal proteins.

C60 fullerene affects elastic properties and osmoregulation reactions of human lymphocytes

“…The presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface of pristine C 60 fullerene in aqueous solution reported before by Prylutskyy et al (2014b) apparently allows C 60 fullerene to form numerous hydrogen bonds with protein domains and hydrophilic lipid ends of membrane (Grebowski et al 2013a). The association between hydroxylated C 60 fullerene and band three protein of human erythrocyte membrane has been proven experimentally (Grebowski et al 2013b). At the same time, our data obtained from lymphocytes contrast with the experimental data reported by Zhang et al (2013) and demonstrated the appearance of more "soft" erythrocytes under the influence of C 60 FAS.…”

Bioluminescent Enzymatic Assay as a Tool for Studying Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds

“…Fullerenols are amphiphilic structures: Hydroxyl groups provide them with aqueous solubility, while the fragments of fullerene skeleton-with affinity to hydrophobic enzymatic fragments and lipid structures of cellular membranes (1,2). The aqueous solubility of fullerenols depends on the amount of hydroxyl groups (3).…”

Fullerenols as a New Therapeutic Approach in Nanomedicine

“…Our experiments have shown that fullerenol can be adsorbed to erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins [13] and this interaction can be used as a drug transport mechanism (Figure 3). Prolonging the residence time of a substance (drug) in the circulation is possible by attaching it to residues in the erythrocyte membrane such as band 3 protein or glycophorin.…”

“…This method has been described by Krantz [52] and is based on the use of “anchors”—molecules with functional groups with strong affinity for erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins. As fullerenol is covered with polar OH groups, it is well suited to function as an “anchor” [13]. …”

“…Fullerenol C 60 (OH) 36 , by associating with band 3 protein, does not only prevent its degradation, but can also influence the binding sites of spectrin, band 4.1 and 4.2 proteins, or actin, leading to changes in the cytoskeleton affecting erythrocyte morphology (from [13] modified).…”