The influence of aqueous solution of pristine C60 fullerene (C60FAS) on functional activity of lymphocytes from a healthy person was studied for the first time. By means of atomic force microscopy, it was found that C60FAS in a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml increases the stiffness of the lymphocyte membrane by 41% (p < 0.05) and lowers the functional activity of the plasmalemma surface, thereby constraining the use of its membrane material in physiological reactions using a hypotonic model in vitro. However, a cell retains the ability to regulate its volume and demonstrates relative resistance to hypo-osmotic stress. The resistance of lymphocytes in hypo-osmotic medium is facilitated by activation of the nucleus by C60 fullerene particles, which regulates the implementation of two consistent phases of an increase and decrease of cell volume, thereby retaining cell viability. All these indicate the impact of C60 fullerene on the cellular nucleus.
Abstract. The aim of this paper was to study the elastic and electrical properties of lymphoid cells in patients with acute lymphoblastic leucosis (ALL, n = 15). The mechanical properties of the membrane of lymphoid cells was recorded by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties of the lymphoid cell membranes were detected by the Kelvin method. The elastic and electrical membrane properties of lymphoid cells were recorded by incubation with doxorubicin, one of chemotherapy drugs. We used different concentrations and incubation time. It was shown that in the acute phase of the disease and the stage of stable remission the lymphoid cell clones with a reduced stiffness and increased cell surface charge were found. In the experiments in vitro was demonstrated that the increased cell membrane rigidity may be one of the factors determining the tumor cell resistance to the chemotherapy. It was found that if to use the highest concentration of drug in the incubation medium (0.5-1.0 mg/ml) and its longest time, then the surviving cells had more elastic membrane (0.25-1.0 Pa) and the positive potential of the membrane surface (15-29 mV). These obtained data may have a significant prognostic importance for the evaluation of drug resistance of tumor cells.
The stiffness of cell membrane was found to be one of the factors determining resistance of a cell in vitro to antibiotic doxorubicin action. Membranes of surviving cells are negatively charged (-35 - -30 mV) and have high values of stiffness (2.2-5.1 μРа) at the doxorubicin concentrations in the medium of 1-500 μg/ml. If the drug concentration and exposure time are being increased, only cells with 'soft' membrane (0.25-1 μРа) and positive surface potential (15-29 mV) survive. The data obtained have important prognostic value in studying drug resistance of tumour blood cells and can be used as objective markers of efficiency of the antitumor therapy.
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