From “Restricted” to “Besieged”: The Changing Nature of the Limits to Democracy in Colombia

Bejarano, Ana María; Pizarro, Eduardo

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511791116.009

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(9 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Consistent with massive evidence on limited suffrage, intimidation, and persistent fraud at the polls in the past (Keyssar 2000;Lehoucq and Molina 2002), the polyarchy index arguably does a better job in capturing how electoral democracy developed only gradually in both countries, while also picking up a small decline in polyarchy in the USA in recent years. For Colombia, Polity suggests sharp and abrupt improvements during the rule of the Liberal party (1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935)(1936)(1937)(1938)(1939)(1940)(1941)(1942)(1943)(1944)(1945)(1946) while VDem displays a relatively constant level due to hampered competition at the polls (Bejarano and Leongómez 2002). Similar results are seen in Malaysia after independence (Case 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Polyarchy Across the Globe, 1900–2017

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a new measure polyarchy for a global sample of 182 countries from 1900 to 2017 based on the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) data, deriving from an expert survey of more than 3000 country experts from around the world, with on average 5 experts rating each indicator. By measuring the five components of Elected Officials, Clean Elections, Associational Autonomy, Inclusive Citizenship, and Freedom of Expression and Alternative Sources of Information separately, we anchor this new index directly in Dahl's (1971) extremely influential theoretical framework. The paper describes how the five polyarchy components were measured and provides the rationale for how to aggregate them to the polyarchy scale. We find Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark that personal characteristics or ideological predilections of the V-Dem country experts do not systematically predict their ratings on our indicators. We also find strong correlations with other existing measures of electoral democracy, but also decisive differences where we believe the evidence supports the polyarchy index having higher face validity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Polyarchy Across the Globe, 1900–2017

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pese a que formalmente en este periodo Colombia vivía una democracia, las limitaciones fueron muy significativas de facto. (Bejarano y Pizarro, 2005;Hagopian, 2005).…”

Section: Garquías Comounclassified

“…El Frente Nacional también representó, aunque truncado, un intento de modernización del Estado que por su carácter de coalición heteróclita de intereses parciales yuxtapuestos no pudo ser llevado acabo. Adicionalmente el intento de modernización estuvo centrado en lo económico y burocrático, lo que generó un debilitamiento de las formas tradicionales de cohesión social y política, sin lograr crear sus equivalentes modernas (Gómez, 1984;Wills, 2002;González, 2003;Bejarano y Pizarro, 2005;Hagopian, 2005;Jaramillo y Franco-Cuervo, 2005).…”

Section: Populismo Violencia Y Clientelismo O Inclusión Socialunclassified

“…El Estado colombiano sufrió un colapso parcial entre 1952 y 1953 (y luego otro entre 1989 y 1990), la Violencia en los años cincuenta produjo una desarticulación del poder en los niveles nacional, regional y local, y coincidió geográficamente con las zonas marrones. Los movimientos guerrilleros y la producción de cultivos de uso ilícito surgieron donde el Estado estaba ausente, en las zonas de colonización aluvional y anárquica, y donde los mecanismos clientelares de los partidos tradicionales no habían llegado (Pizarro, 1992;González, 2003;Bejarano y Pizarro, 2005; Levine y Molina 2011).…”

Section: Rafael Mirandaunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

¿Qué ha sido de las democracias de la segunda ola? Estudio histórico comparado entre Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela

Miranda

2017

Cienc. politi.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

El objetivo de este artículo es comparar los cambios políticos de Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela desde la llamada “segunda ola” de la democracia hasta la contemporaneidad. En el artículo se afirma que la condición de solidez democrática puede ser perjudicial para la democratización, que una democracia de calidad no es la que se presenta necesariamente como la más estable sino la que tiene mayor capacidad de adaptación para incorporar institucionalmente las tensiones sociales, y que uno de los factores fundamentales para evitar los fenómenos antidemocráticos como el populismo y la violencia política, es la cobertura de izquierda a derecha del espectro político democrático por parte de los partidos.

show abstract

“…For example, deficits provide the motivation for the emergence of some challengers, as in the case of guerrilla insurgents for whom neglect by the state has historically been a rallying cry, and create opportunities for others, as in the case of drug traffickers whose operations can expand precisely because the state is absent. the causal arrow also works in the reverse, as seen in Bejarano and pizarro's (2005) study of colombia's "besieged state", where decades of attack by the state's main challengers have had the effect of worsening the stateness deficit.…”

Section: Conceptualizing Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE STATE Of THE STATE IN LATIN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, CHALLENGERS, RESPONSES AND DEFICITS

Eaton

2012

Rev. cienc. polít. (Santiago)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

understanding the state in Latin america requires an understanding of the challenges and challengers that it is facing. this paper argues that the region's three major transitions at the end of the 20th century (i.e. democratization, liberalization and decentralization) each posed distinct challenges to the state. it then uses the concept of infrastructural power to conceptualize the actors who are challenging the state, distinguishing between those who threaten either its territorial power or its relational power. turning from challenges and challengers to responses, the paper identifies three different types of changes (i.e. policy, institutional, and regime) that states have adopted to undercut, accommodate, or defeat challengers. Finally, the paper underscores the difficulty of measuring state deficits in post-decentralization Latin america.Key words: state, challengers, infrastructural power, Latin america, decentralization. RESUMEN Entender al Estado en América Latina requiere entender los desafíos y desafiantes que éste enfrenta. El presente artículo sostiene que las tres transiciones principales de finales del siglo XX (es decir, la democratización, la liberalización y la descentralización) plantearon desafíos específicos al

show abstract

From “Restricted” to “Besieged”: The Changing Nature of the Limits to Democracy in Colombia

Cited by 56 publications

References 203 publications

Measuring Polyarchy Across the Globe, 1900–2017

Measuring Polyarchy Across the Globe, 1900–2017

¿Qué ha sido de las democracias de la segunda ola? Estudio histórico comparado entre Costa Rica, Colombia y Venezuela

THE STATE Of THE STATE IN LATIN AMERICA: CHALLENGES, CHALLENGERS, RESPONSES AND DEFICITS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About