Formulating rations with cassava meal to promote high live weight gain in crossbred Limousin bulls

Retnaningrum, S.; Kusmartono,; Mashudi,; Harper, Karen; Poppi, D. P.

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2020.100125

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…High intakes of cassava tuber may reduce rumen pH, causing rumen dysfunction (Ba et al 2008), which can depress fibre digestion and therefore basal diet intake (Orskov 1986). The upper level of cassava tuber was~24% of the total diet for both feeding scenarios and this is well below the upper value of 40% cassava tuber inclusion, suggested by Retnaningrum et al (2020), before depression in total food intake occurred. To slow the rate of starch consumption and minimise metabolic disorders related to rumen pH, the supplement was fed at least twice daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Moran (1985) and Haryanto and Pamungkas (2010) and Ngadiyono et al (2019) showed LWG of 0.57-1.2 kg/day for Ongole bulls whereas Moran (1985), Mastika (2003) and Panjaitan et al (2014) showed LWG of 0.61-0.85 kg/day for Bali bulls. The bulls in this study may have reached a higher LWG under a higher level of supplement but Retnaningrum et al (2020) found that there was a maximum of 40% inclusion of cassava tuber in the total diet before intake and LWG declined. This level would be reached at~2.6% LW/day supplement mix of cassava tuber and gliricidia (1.3% LW/day cassava tuber) if the total DM intake was 3.3% LW/day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Ngadiyono et al (2019) reported that FCR of Ongole and Limousin Ongole (liveweight more than 300 kg) fed concentrate and King grass (70:30) was 11.7 and 14.2, respectively. Retnaningrum et al (2020) recorded FCR in Limousin • Ongole bulls of 5.6 and a LWG of 1.35 kg/day in a feedlot ration based on cassava tuber, protein meal and fresh CS. This suggests that formulating diets and supplements to achieve high ME content and feeding them at high levels rather than simply the cheapest feed ingredients results in greater FCR and LWG, but whether profitable for farmers will depend on ingredient cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Formulating diets based on whole cassava tuber (

et al. 2021

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Context Formulating rations with high energy and protein feeds such as cassava tuber and gliricidia, is an important strategy to increase liveweight gain (LWG) of bulls and improve profitability of smallholder farmers in Indonesia. Aims Two on-farm experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing the supplementation level of a mixture of cassava (Manihot esculenta) whole root tuber powder and fresh gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) on feed intake and LWG of Ongole and Bali bulls given fresh corn stover and elephant grass, respectively. Methods Two experiments were conducted, each with five treatments: a basal diet of fresh corn stover (Experiment 1 for Ongole bulls) or elephant grass (Experiment 2 for Bali bulls) fed ad libitum or this diet supplemented with a combination of cassava tuber (whole root tuber including peel, sun-dried and ground) and fresh, chopped gliricidia (1:1) on estimated dry matter (DM) basis, at DM levels of 0.4, 0.8, 1,2 and 1.6% liveweight (LW)/day. Each experiment was run for 18 weeks, consisting of a two week adaptation and 16 week experimental period. Parameters measured included basal DM intake, supplement DM intake, total DM intake, total water intake, faecal pH, daily LWG, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and income over feed cost (IOFC). Key results Increasing supplement level linearly (P < 0.05) decreased basal diet intake, but linearly increased total DM intake and LWG (P < 0.05) in both breeds. Basal diet DM intake was reduced at the rate of 0.43 kg/kg of supplement DM consumed for both Ongole and Bali bulls. Water intake and faecal pH were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing supplement intake. Inclusion of cassava tuber and gliricidia supplement up to 1.6% LW/day, increased total feed DM intake (up to 3.28 and 3.18% LW/day, for Ongole and Bali bulls, respectively) and LWG (maximum Ongole bulls 0.69 kg/day and Bali bulls 0.46 kg/day). Daily income over feed cost (IOFC) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in association with increased supplement intake in both Experiments 1 and 2. Using the derived model without supplementation, the value of IOFC was only IDR 7802/day and IDR 7687/day, for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The highest IOFC was achieved at a supplement intake of 1.6% LW/day with values of IDR 13949/day and IDR 12543/day for Experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Conclusions The addition of a cassava tuber and gliricidia mixture up to 1.6% LW/day increased LWG and profit for smallholders fattening bulls. Implications Formulating a ration with cassava tuber and gliricidia can be economically beneficial in cattle fattening systems in Indonesia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Formulating diets based on whole cassava tuber (

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“…It also means that the high protein content in the ration without being followed by an adequate energy source cannot be utilized properly by microbes. Retnaningrum et al [12] reported that the VFA increased with the addition of cassava meal in the ration, but at the 70% proportion of cassava meal, drastically decreased total VFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate due to inadequate proportion of protein source. Santos et al [13] reported that cassava peel tended to decrease propionate and increase the acetate concentration in replacement of corn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retnaningrum et al [12] reported that the use of cassava meal as an energy source to supplement maize stover basal diet had the highest digestibility and daily weight gain of crossbred Limousine. [13] mentioned that cassava peel can replace corn as an energy source in ration rated from ruminal parameters on small ruminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile fatty acids concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of concentrate cassava peel diet with different levels of protein sources

et al. 2022

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of protein sources in a concentrate cassava peel diet on volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) by in vitro method. The five diet treatments in this study consisted of cassava meal (CM), cassava peel (CP), cassava leaves (CL) and moringa leaves (ML) with the proportion applied were T1=CM70% + CP20% + CL5% + ML5%; T2=CM60% + CP20% + CL10% + ML10%; T3=CM50% + CP20% + CL15% + ML15%; T4=CM40% + CP20% + CL20% + ML20%; T5=CM30% + CP20% + CL25% + ML25%. The experiment used a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The results showed that increasing the level of protein sources in the ration tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, CO2, and CH4 in which T3 had the highest values. However, the effect of treatments were significant in EMPS value (P<0.01). It was concluded that increasing levels of cassava and moringa leaves in the concentrate cassava peel diet tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, CO2, and CH4 which led to a significant increase in EMPS values.

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