Formation of the N-methylpyridinium ether derivative of propofol to improve sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of its detection in blood by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of propofol and its glucuronide in whole blood by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and the influence of sample storage conditions on the reliability of the test results

“…However, propofol is difficult to ionise, and the fragmentation efficiency is very weak. To improve the sensitivity, derivatisation of propofol prior to LC-MS/MS has been applied using dansyl chloride [14], 2-fluoro-1-methyl-pyridinum-p-toluene sulphonate [15] and a diazonium salt from aniline [16]. However, the specificity of the method is not necessarily improved by the derivatisation.…”

Selective and Accurate Determination Method of Propofol in Human Plasma by Mixed-Mode Cation Exchange Cartridge and GC-MS

“…The absence of ionization group and nonpolarity of propofol cause such low ionization efficiency. To overcome this hindrance, N-methylpyridinium ether derivatization and dansyl chloride derivatization were applied to the propofol analysis [11, 12]. Azo coupling with LC-MS/MS was employed to enhance the sensitivity of propofol [13].…”

Comparison of GC/MS and LC/MS methods for the analysis of propofol and its metabolites in urine

“…Various analytical methods have been reported for the determination of propofol and its metabolites in biological matrices such as blood [9][10][11], urine [8,[12][13][14] and hair [15] including the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection [4,7], and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [14,15]. In general, GC/MS methods have been used for the determination of propofol and its metabolites on account of the high separation capacity and detection sensitivity of the volatile compounds, even though intensive sample workup such as extraction and derivatization is required [14,16].…”

“…The analysis of propofol metabolites in biological samples by LC/MS with either electrospray (ESI) [8,9,11,19] or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) [20,21] has become increasingly popular in recent years. Improvement in LC/MS detection sensitivity for propofol in biological samples have also been obtained by chemical derivatization methods [11,19].…”

“…Improvement in LC/MS detection sensitivity for propofol in biological samples have also been obtained by chemical derivatization methods [11,19]. For LC/MS analysis, several sample preparation methods including centrifugation [7,[21][22][23], liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [12,22] and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [4,8,9] have frequently been used.…”