Simultaneous determination of propofol and its glucuronide in whole blood by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and the influence of sample storage conditions on the reliability of the test results

Sørensen, Lambert K.; Hasselstrøm, Jørgen B.

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.035

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that containers composed of polystyrene can interact seriously with the cannabinoids in whole blood samples . Our study of the stability of propofol in whole blood, revealed similar stability patterns as the reported observations of cannabinoids by Schwilke, less stability at −20°C compared to 5°C. Both propofol and cannabinoids possess hydrophobic properties and phenolic structures that impart antioxidative properties to these molecules.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The effect of antioxidants on the long‐term stability of THC and related cannabinoids in sampled whole blood

Sørensen

Hasselstrøm

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The stability of cannabinoids is complex and crucial for the assessment of impaired driving caused by cannabis. Therefore, the effect of antioxidants on the long-term stability of Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-hydroxy-Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) in whole blood samples preserved with fluoride citrate (FC) and fluoride oxalate (FX) mixtures was investigated at different temperatures. The measured concentrations of the cannabinoids in authentic whole blood preserved solely with FC or FX mixtures decreased significantly during prolonged storage at -20°C. On average, less than 5% of the initial concentrations of THC and CBD were recovered after 19 weeks of storage interrupted by 5 thawing/freezing cycles. The rate of decrease was greatest in FC-preserved blood. The repeated thawing/freezing of the samples accelerated the instability progression. At 5°C approximately 60% of the initial concentrations of THC and CBD were recovered after 19 weeks of storage. No significant decrease was observed in samples stored at -80°C during the test period of 5 months. The instability at -20°C was to a great extend avoided by adding 30 mM ascorbic acid (ASC) to the samples before storage. Samples preserved with a combination of the FX mixture and ASC showed no significant decrease in the recovered concentrations during a 5-month storage period interrupted by 6 thawing/freezing cycles. Samples preserved with a combination of the FC mixture and ASC showed almost similar improvements in cannabinoid stability. Other reducing agents such as sodium metabisulfite and glutathione also improved the stability in FX-preserved blood stored at -20°C.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The effect of antioxidants on the long‐term stability of THC and related cannabinoids in sampled whole blood

Sørensen

Hasselstrøm

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Mass spectrometry is another common technique for the detection and quantification of propofol in biological samples, in conjunction with either gas chromatography [26][27][28] or liquid chromatography [29][30][31][32]. As for HPLC, when analysing propofol in whole blood, serum or plasma, the propofol is extracted from the sample either by solvent [26,27] or solid phase extraction [29,31].…”

Section: Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Propofol detection for monitoring of intravenous anaesthesia: a review

Ferrier

Kiely

Luxton

2021

J Clin Monit Comput

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This paper presents a review of established and emerging methods for detecting and quantifying the intravenous anaesthetic propofol in solution. There is growing evidence of numerous advantages of total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol compared to conventional volatile-based anaesthesia, both in terms of patient outcomes and environmental impact. However, volatile-based anaesthesia still accounts for the vast majority of administered general anaesthetics, largely due to a lack of techniques for real-time monitoring of patient blood propofol concentration. Herein, propofol detection techniques that have been developed to date are reviewed alongside a discussion of remaining challenges.

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“…To date, many studies have been conducted for the determination of PRO in biological fluids such as blood and urine. These studies include analytical methodologies such as spectrophotometric 5 , high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [6][7][8][9] gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 10,11 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and capillary electrophoresis. 20 However, there are a limited number of studies on the electrochemical analysis of PRO in the scientific literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltammetric quantification of the anesthetic drug propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) in the pharmaceutical formulations on a boron-doped diamond electrode

et al. 2021

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In this paper, the detailed electrochemistry of propofol (PRO) which is one of the intravenous agents commonly used for sedative-hypnotic purposes was examined. In cyclic voltammetry, the agent showed one irreversible and diffusion?controlled oxidation peak, resulting in the formation of a couple with a reduction and re-oxidation wave at less positive potentials. The effect of electrode pretreatment procedures on the electrochemical response of PRO was investigated by using square wave voltammetry (SWV) and the optimum procedure was used to improve the signal response in subsequent studies. Quantification of PRO was done based on the first oxidation peak using SWV. After optimization of all variables, the linear working range of PRO was found to be between 2.5 ?g mL-1 (1.4?10-5 mol L-1) and 160.0 ?g mL-1 (1.1?10-3 mol L-1, n=15) with a detection limit 0.71 ?g mL-1 (3.9?10-6 mol L-1). No noteworthy interference effect was detected. Also, the developed method was used for quantification of PRO in pharmaceutical sample.

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Simultaneous determination of propofol and its glucuronide in whole blood by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and the influence of sample storage conditions on the reliability of the test results

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of antioxidants on the long‐term stability of THC and related cannabinoids in sampled whole blood

The effect of antioxidants on the long‐term stability of THC and related cannabinoids in sampled whole blood

Propofol detection for monitoring of intravenous anaesthesia: a review

Voltammetric quantification of the anesthetic drug propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) in the pharmaceutical formulations on a boron-doped diamond electrode

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