“…However, several studies have reported the use of gas chromatography with a prior derivatization step frequently associated with SPE as the extraction technique [5,38]. Additionally, some authors have addressed the comparison between GC and LC for the determination and quantification of a broad range of compounds, concluding that both techniques are comparable [50][51][52].…”
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and public concern over BPA exposure has been raised. Several studies have assessed human exposure to this plasticizer, confirming its ubiquitous presence and highlighting children as a public of special concern. A simple, efficient, cheap and green analytical procedure is reported within this paper. This paper reports, for the first time, the development of a modified Micro-QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a new strategy for the efficient extraction and determination of Bisphenol A in human urine samples. Several parameters that are known to influence extraction were optimized. Good linearity was achieved at the studied concentration range (1-50μg/L), with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998. The optimized method proved to be accurate (≥74% recovery), reproducible (<11% relative standard deviation) and sensitive for BPA determination (detection limit of 0.13μg/L and quantification limit of 0.43μg/L). The analytical procedure was applied to the analyses of 12 urine samples collected from children living in the North/Center region of Portugal. BPA was detected in all the analyzed samples in concentrations ranging from 1.5μg/L to 48.9μg/L. The proposed methodology is suitable for the determination of BPA in urine samples in the framework of biomonitoring studies and bioanalytical analyses, applying GC-MS detection.
“…However, several studies have reported the use of gas chromatography with a prior derivatization step frequently associated with SPE as the extraction technique [5,38]. Additionally, some authors have addressed the comparison between GC and LC for the determination and quantification of a broad range of compounds, concluding that both techniques are comparable [50][51][52].…”
Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and public concern over BPA exposure has been raised. Several studies have assessed human exposure to this plasticizer, confirming its ubiquitous presence and highlighting children as a public of special concern. A simple, efficient, cheap and green analytical procedure is reported within this paper. This paper reports, for the first time, the development of a modified Micro-QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a new strategy for the efficient extraction and determination of Bisphenol A in human urine samples. Several parameters that are known to influence extraction were optimized. Good linearity was achieved at the studied concentration range (1-50μg/L), with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998. The optimized method proved to be accurate (≥74% recovery), reproducible (<11% relative standard deviation) and sensitive for BPA determination (detection limit of 0.13μg/L and quantification limit of 0.43μg/L). The analytical procedure was applied to the analyses of 12 urine samples collected from children living in the North/Center region of Portugal. BPA was detected in all the analyzed samples in concentrations ranging from 1.5μg/L to 48.9μg/L. The proposed methodology is suitable for the determination of BPA in urine samples in the framework of biomonitoring studies and bioanalytical analyses, applying GC-MS detection.
“…The SIM mode only detects chosen molecules and ignores other ions; the mass spectrum is not a full spectrum. Therefore, SIM mode is used for the quantitative analysis of impurities in complex compounds [26]. However, the SIM scan mode is more sensitive and able to suppress interferences and improves the signal-to-noise ratio for quantitative analysis.…”
Section: Technical Mechanisms Of Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Derivatization refers to the pretreatment process, which can change thermolabile substances and nonvolatile compounds into volatile and thermostable compounds by means of chemical approach. The common derivatization methods include the silylation reaction [26,29], alkylation reaction [30], and ethyl chloroformate reaction [31][32][33].…”
Section: Characteristics Of Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometrymentioning
Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) is widely used for biomarker detection. A good biomarker can distinguish patients from healthy or benign diseases. However, the ELISA method is not suitable for small molecule or trace substance detection. Along with the development of new technologies, an increasing level of biomaterials, especially small molecules, will be identified as novel biomarkers. Quantitative immuno-PCR, chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nucleic acid aptamer are emerging methodologies for detection of small molecule biomarkers, even in living cells. In this review, we focus on these novel technologies and their potential for small molecule biomarkers and living cell analysis.
“…Consequently, analytical methods to identify and quantify this compound have been developed in forensic toxicology. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is widely present in literature as the technique used most for propofol detection due to its high separation capacity and its detection sensitivity towards volatile compounds . New methods have been developed in liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), in particular for the phase II metabolites, as markers of propofol administration .…”
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