Forest canopy studies as an emerging field of science

Nadkarni, Nalini M.; Parker, Geoffrey G.; Lowman, Margaret D.

doi:10.1007/s13595-011-0046-6

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among the strata found in tropical forests, the canopy stands out in importance for the maintenance of several ecological processes, as well as harboring a great portion of the biodiversity present in tropical forests (Lowman and Wittman 1996;Basset et al 2003a;Lowman 2009;Nadkarni et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in herbivore insect communities from adjacent habitats in a transitional region

Leal

Fagundes

Neves

2015

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Ecotonal areas between habitats vary in floristic composition and phenological patterns of the vegetation. In these regions, the habitat structure and plant phenology potentially affect the diversity of associated herbivore insects guilds (chewing and sap-sucking). In this study, the following hypotheses were tested in three habitats (cerrado sensu strictu, dry forest and riparian forest) in a CerradoCaatinga transitional area: (1) There is a variation in composition, richness and abundance of herbivore insects associated with the canopy among adjacent habitats; (2) habitats with higher variation in canopy cover support lower richness and abundance of herbivore insects; (3) habitats with more tree species and higher tree density support higher richness and abundance of herbivore insects; and (4) differences in species composition of herbivore insects among adjacent habitats are the main source of diversity in transitional habitats. The community of herbivore insects differed among the habitats, being similar between riparian and dry forests and different from cerrado. Canopy cover variation, richness and density of trees did not influence richness and abundance of chewing herbivores. A negative effect of canopy cover variation was observed in richness and abundance of sap-sucking herbivore insects, and a negative effect of tree density was observed on abundance of sap-sucking herbivore insects. A higher importance of beta diversity among habitats was observed if compared to beta diversity within habitats (54 %). This study points out that strategies of conservation must consider the entire vegetation mosaics to protect a higher number of species, and to keep these regions with high diversity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in herbivore insect communities from adjacent habitats in a transitional region

Leal

Fagundes

Neves

2015

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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“…Embora haja um crescente interesse no estudo do dossel (Nadkarni et al 2011), especialmente em relação às epífitas vasculares e sua contribuição para a biodiversidade e conservação (Köster et al 2009), pouco tem sido publicado sobre as epífitas vasculares em áreas de Cerrado no Brasil, especialmente sobre a dinâmica de distribuição vertical da sinúsia epifítica.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Riqueza e estratificação vertical de epífitas vasculares na Estação Ecológica de Jataí: área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil

Bataghin

Muller

Pires

et al. 2012

Hoehnea

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-(Richness and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes in Jataí Ecological Station -a Southeast Brazilian Cerrado area). The richness and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes was studied in Jataí Ecological Station (EEJ), São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 1,574 epiphytes were recorded, corresponding to 29 species, 20 genera, and seven families. Angiosperms were represented by 23 species and Pteridophytes by six species. The characteristic form, holoepiphytes, was dominant in the area (93.1%). Epiphytes specialists were most common in the area, contributing with about 55% of species (17% trunk epiphytes and 38% canopy epiphytes); generalist species contributed 42%, and hemiepiphytes, with 3%. The intermediate zones had the highest number of species and more number of records. There was a significant difference among species that comprise the lower zones and the upper zones in the host trees. The richness and distribution of epiphytes are determined by some climatic factors, but the moisture and light intensity are the most important regulatory factors in the cerrado area researched. Key words: Ecological types, growth form, hotspots, phytosociology of epiphytes RESUMO -(Riqueza e estratificação vertical de epífitas vasculares na Estação Ecológica de Jataí -área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil). A riqueza e a estratificação vertical das epífitas vasculares foram estudadas na Estação Ecológica deJataí (EEJ), SP, Brasil. No total, 1.574 epífitas pertencentes a 29 espécies, 20 gêneros e sete famílias foram encontradas. As Angiospermas foram representadas por 23 espécies e as Samambaias, por seis espécies. Os holoepífitos característicos formam dominantes na área (93,1%). Epífitas especialistas foram predominantes na área, cerca de 55% das espécies (17% de epífitas de fuste e 38% de epífitas de copa); as espécies generalistas contribuíram com cerca de 42% e as hemiepífitas com 3%. As zonas intermediárias apresentaram maior número de espécies e maior número de registros. Houve diferença significativa entre as espécies que compõem as zonas inferiores e as zonas superiores nos forófitos. A riqueza e a distribuição de epífitas são determinadas pelos fatores microclimáticos, sendo a umidade e a intensidade luminosa os fatores reguladores mais importantes na área de Cerrado estudada. Palavras-chave: Fitossociologia de epífitas, forma de crescimento, hotspots, tipos ecológicos

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“…Although it is amongst one of the most diverse habitats of Earth, it is also one of the least studied (Lowman & Wittman 1996, Lowan 2009, Nadkarni et al 2011.…”

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Contrasting effects of sampling scale on insect herbivores distribution in response to canopy structure

Neves

Sperber

Campos

et al. 2013

RBT

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Species diversity of insect herbivores associated to canopy may vary local and geographically responding to distinct factors at different spatial scales. The aim of this study was to investigate how forest canopy structure affects insect herbivore species richness and abundance depending on feeding guilds´ specificities. We tested the hypothesis that habitat structure affects insect herbivore species richness and abundance differently to sap-sucking and chewing herbivore guilds. Two spatial scales were evaluated: inside tree crowns (fine spatial scale) and canopy regions (coarse spatial scale). In three sampling sites we measured 120 tree crowns, grouped in five points with four contiguous tree crowns. Insects were sampled by beating method from each crown and data were summed up for analyzing each canopy region. In crowns (fine spatial scale) we measured habitat structure: trunk circumference, tree height, canopy depth, number of ramifications and maximum ramification level. In each point, defined as a canopy region (coarse spatial scale), we measured habitat structure using a vertical cylindrical transect: tree species richness, leaf area, sum of strata heights and maximum canopy height. A principal component analysis based on the measured variables for each spatial scale was run to estimate habitat structure parameters. To test the effects of habitat structure upon herbivores, different general linear models were adjusted using the first two principal components as explanatory variables. Sap-sucking insect species richness and all herbivore abundances increased with size of crown at fine spatial scale. On the other hand, chewer species richness and abundance increased with resource quantity at coarse scale. Feeding specialization, resources availability, and agility are discussed as ecological causes of the found pattern. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (1): 125-137. Epub 2013 March 01.

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Forest canopy studies as an emerging field of science

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Change in herbivore insect communities from adjacent habitats in a transitional region

Change in herbivore insect communities from adjacent habitats in a transitional region

Riqueza e estratificação vertical de epífitas vasculares na Estação Ecológica de Jataí: área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil

Contrasting effects of sampling scale on insect herbivores distribution in response to canopy structure

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