Flexible and stretchable polyaniline supercapacitor with a high rate capability

Abstract

Flexible electronics are currently highly favored because of their promising applications in flexible displays, artificial electronic skin, wearable devices etc. Exploiting flexible energy storage systems, which are supercapacitors, that have a decent electrochemical performance as well as flexibility and stretchability is essential to promote the development of flexible electronic products. In this work, a flexible and stretchable polyaniline (PANI) supercapacitor based on a conductive stainless steel mesh was developed via a simple electrodeposition route with an elastic gel polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVA)/phosphoric acid (H3PO4) electrolyte, which exhibits a considerable rate capability and mechanical properties. The as‐prepared capacitor delivers a specific capacitance of 282 F g−1 under a specific current of 2.5 A g−1. Meanwhile, the PANI capacitor exhibits perfect pseudocapacitance behavior at low scan rates (up to 50 mV s−1) and great capacitive characteristics at high scan rates up to 5000 mV s−1. More impressively, this supercapacitor displays excellent tolerance against mechanical deformation, including bending, folding and stretching, even to 20%, with a well‐maintained capacitance. This stretchable PANI supercapacitor with a high rate capability provides a facile and cost‐effective route for the design of flexible energy storage devices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Electrochemically Stable Carbazole-Derived Polyaniline for Pseudocapacitors

“…From these results, it is believed that improvement in the long term cycling performance for Cbz-PANI-1 requires more device optimization. Overall, these results are comparable and even superior to similar symmetric PANI devices made without conductive additives or special structural arrangements, , and other CPs from the literature (Table S4). − Operationally, when the symmetric device is fully charged the positive electrode becomes fully oxidized while the negative electrode is simultaneously reduced.…”

“…Its many attributes include easy and inexpensive preparation, nonredox doping, environmental stability in the doped state, reversible oxidative states, and high electrical conductivity. As a result, PANI is being explored for application in many fields such as sensors, , energy storage devices, − corrosion inhibitor, − photovoltaic cells, − and microwave safeguards and electromagnetic shielding materials. , However, PANI is challenged with two main problems: it undergoes electrochemical aging, which results in electrochemical instability, and it is insoluble in common organic solvents. − Reported approaches that render PANI soluble include incorporating solubilizing counterions and blending with solubilizing polymers. , Recently, Mustafin et al reported PANI derivatives with short alkyl chains that were soluble in common organic solvents . While there have been several approaches to address PANI’s insolubility, there are fewer reports that address its electrochemical instability.…”

Last developments in polymers for wearable energy storage devices

“…In addition, Huang et al described 139 other SC using PANI electrodes and a high strain resistant hydrogel (PVA/H 3 PO 4 ) electrolyte. The novel SC was obtained by electrodeposition route, a cost‐effective and facile technique.…”

Highly Crosslinked Conductive Polymer Nanofibrous Films for High‐Rate Solid‐State Supercapacitors and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

“…Very few achievements on high-rate PANI supercapacitors have been reported. [8][9][10][11] Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate PANI-based supercapacitors for high-rate performance through rational design of the electrode structure, in particular, if such a rationally designed PANI electrode could be fabricated in a scalable approach.…”