Electrochemically Stable Carbazole-Derived Polyaniline for Pseudocapacitors

Abstract

Supercapacitor energy storage devices are well suited to meet the rigorous demands of future portable consumer electronics (PCEs) due to their high energy and power densities (i.e., longer battery-life and rapid charging, respectively) and superior operational lifetimes (10 times greater than lithium-ion batteries). To date, research efforts have been narrowly focused on improving the specific capacitance of these materials; however, emerging technologies are increasingly demanding competitive performance with regards to other criteria, including scalability of fabrication and electrochemical stability. In this regard, we developed a polyaniline (PANI) derivative that contains a carbazole unit copolymerized with 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (Cbz-PANI-1) and determined its optoelectronic properties, electrical conductivity, processability, and electrochemical stability. Importantly, the polymer exhibits good solubility in various solvents, which enables the use of scalable spray-coating and drop-casting methods to fabricate electrodes. Cbz-PANI-1 was used to fabricate electrodes for supercapacitor devices that exhibits a maximum areal capacitance of 64.8 mF cm −2 and specific capacitance of 319 F g −1 at a current density of 0.2 mA cm −2 . Moreover, the electrode demonstrates excellent cyclic stability (≈ 83% of capacitance retention) over 1000 CV cycles. Additionally, we demonstrate the charge storage performance of Cbz-PANI-1 in a symmetrical supercapacitor device, which also exhibits excellent cyclic stability (≈ 91% of capacitance retention) over 1000 charge−discharge cycles.

Effect of Graphene Oxide and Temperature on Electrochemical Polymerization of Pyrrole and Its Stability Performance in a Novel Eutectic Solvent (Choline Chloride–Phenol) for Supercapacitor Applications

“…Charge can be stored via Faradaic and non-Faradaic mechanisms in the modified electrodes, resulting in excellent specific capacitance and good electrochemical cycling stability. 11 …”

“…It has been demonstrated that cycling stability of pseudocapacitive processes can be enhanced by modification with carbon-based nanomaterials. Charge can be stored via Faradaic and non-Faradaic mechanisms in the modified electrodes, resulting in excellent specific capacitance and good electrochemical cycling stability …”

2022 ACS Applied Polymer Materials Early Career Forum

“…Our Early Career Forum authors are pushing the boundaries of applied polymer science with the discovery of new materials, new mechanisms, and new applications. Their contributions address urgent global challenges in clean air and water, − diagnostic medicine, − antimicrobials, reduced energy consumption, smart materials, , sustainable materials, and energy storage and generation. , Specifically, polymer membranes are an essential feature of filtration systems that provide our world with clean air that has low particulate content and lower CO 2 levels and clean water that is free of microbes and heavy metal contaminants. − Responsive polymers pave the way for diagnostic medicine in which the polymer responds to indicate the presence of disease. − Next-generation polymer lubricants and hydrophobic surfaces provide reduced friction for increased efficiency. Smart and sustainable materials, , which provide function in a circular platform, serve to address the global plastics problem.…”

“…Smart and sustainable materials, , which provide function in a circular platform, serve to address the global plastics problem. Polymers for energy storage and generation offer metal-free alternatives, , reducing the need for mining and extraction of key elements.…”

“…Their contributions address urgent global challenges in clean air and water, 1−4 diagnostic medicine, 5−7 antimicrobials, 8 reduced energy consumption, 9 smart materials, 10,11 sustainable materials, 12 and energy storage and generation. 13,14 Specifically, polymer membranes are an essential feature of filtration systems that provide our world with clean air that has low particulate content and lower CO 2 levels and clean water that is free of microbes and heavy metal contaminants. 1−4 Responsive polymers pave the way for diagnostic medicine in which the polymer responds to indicate the presence of disease.…”