Flammability and thermal properties of polycarbonate /acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites reinforced with multilayer graphene

Pour, Raheleh Heidar; Soheilmoghaddam, Mohammad; Hassan, Azman; Bourbigot, Serge

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.06.013

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The carbon skeleton of graphene and GO has a high thermal stability and can act as a template for char and promote the formation of multiple and overlapped char via the so-called ''labyrinth effect''. As a result, a 'tortuous path' is provided to increase the exchanging pathway of heat and mass between gaseous and condensed phases in association with the improvement in the thermal stability and fire safety of polymers [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Second, graphene and GO have a large specific surface area and can effectively adsorb flammable organic volatiles or hinder their release and diffusion during combustion; they also can provide a catalytic and carbonization platform for other materials like metallic oxide [23,[28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Graphene and Graphene Oxide Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

Sang

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci

184

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Graphene and its derivatives are potential flame retardant materials with good flame retardant performance; in particular, graphene as an adjuvant in combination with inorganic nanomaterials may be a promising candidate of flame retardant. This review describes the flame retardant mechanism, the development trend, and the classification of graphene-based flame retardants. It points out that graphene has attracted intensive interests in the fields of electronics, energy, and information, due to its excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity, good electron transport ability, and large specific surface area. In the meantime, graphene can change the pyrolysis as well as the thermal conductivity, heat absorption, viscosity and dripping of polymer during the combustion process. In other words, graphene can improve the thermal stability of polymer and delay its ignition, and it can also inhibit fire from spreading and reduce heat release rate.

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Section: Graphene and Graphene Oxide Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

Sang

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci

184

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“…12,13 In recent years, great efforts have been invested into the research of ame retardant treatments on PC materials. [14][15][16][17] Undoubtedly, intermingling with additive-type ame retardants is the most convenient and workable strategy to improve the ame retardancy of PC materials. 18,19 Based on this cognition, massive effective ame retardants have been developed and applied in ame retarding PC materials, including halogencontaining, 20 sulphonate-containing, 21,22 organosilicon-containing, 23 phosphorus-containing compounds, 24 inorganic additives, 25 and nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

et al. 2017

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A multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound (TDBA) was incorporated into polycarbonate (PC) to prepare a flame retardant composite. TDBA improved the flame retardancy of the PC material effectively. The PC composite comprising 10 wt% TDBA passed the UL94 V-0 level with a LOI value of 33.7%. The incorporation of TDBA effectively inhibited the combustion intensity of the TDBA/PC composite via reducing the production of flammable methane and carbonyl-containing substances, suppressing the oxidative process of combustible pyrolysis products, and promoting the PC matrix to form large-scale smoke particles. All these were caused by releasing phosphaphenanthrene fragments, PO, and phenoxyl free radicals from pyrolyzed TDBA. As an additive-type flame retardant with multiple phosphaphenanthrene groups, TDBA was verified to exert its effect mainly in the gaseous phase during flame retarding of PC materials.

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“…When the residue values are discussed, one can say that the residues of particles act as barriers against heat transport and thus decrease the heating rates of the developed nanocomposites. Additionally, the multilayer silicate heat-shielding layer slows down the escape of volatile products generated from the degrading polymer, as was explained also by Pour et al [14] and Qin et al [16]. Precisely, Qin et al [16] affirmed that the barrier effect of exfoliated layered silicates delays the thermal degradation in the nanocomposite, while Pour et al [14] noticed the same behavior for graphene layers in an PC/ABS matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Additionally, the multilayer silicate heat-shielding layer slows down the escape of volatile products generated from the degrading polymer, as was explained also by Pour et al [14] and Qin et al [16]. Precisely, Qin et al [16] affirmed that the barrier effect of exfoliated layered silicates delays the thermal degradation in the nanocomposite, while Pour et al [14] noticed the same behavior for graphene layers in an PC/ABS matrix. The same effect of the protective layer formed during combustion was observed by Du et al [42] which compared two types of organically modified montmorillonite mixed in ABS and noticed similar PHRR for both cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Several researchers tried to reduce the polymers' combustibility by adding different fire retardants. For example, Pour et al [14] added multilayer graphene particles in concentrations of up to 5% and noticed a reduction of 30% in the heat release rate of the polycarbonate ABS, while commercially available flame retardants for ABS are halogen and silicon-containing [15]. Nevertheless, the use of halogen containing fire retardants is rare at this moment due to their negative influence on human health and the environment [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Enhanced with Organic Montmorillonite and Exolit Fire Retardant

2019

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In this paper an experimental investigation on fire retardancy of a new polymer nanocomposite derived from organic montmorillonite and exolit fire retardant in an acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene copolymer by analyzing the flammability and fire behavior is described. The samples were prepared by melting and mixing nanocomposites and fire retardant in different concentrations in an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene base polymer. It was found that using only one component (organic montmorillonite or fire retardant) the burning stops in 10 s on the sample. Confirmation of synergy in flammability by combining both montmorillonite and flame retardants was noticed and is discussed regarding the flame-retardant mechanisms assessed by means of the Limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94, and cone-calorimeter methods. The acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene preparation with 15–20 wt% fire retardant and 1–2 wt% organic montmorillonite reached a UL-94 V-0 classification, contrasting with the pure acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene and the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with 15 wt% fire retardant and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with 1–2 wt% organic montmorillonite formulations, which completely burned. Finally, the samples showed a very good synergy going to a higher reduction of the peak heat release rate and to a minimum mass reduction, as obtained from cone calorimeter tests.

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Flammability and thermal properties of polycarbonate /acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene nanocomposites reinforced with multilayer graphene

Cited by 59 publications

References 63 publications

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

Graphene-based flame retardants: a review

Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

Fire Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Enhanced with Organic Montmorillonite and Exolit Fire Retardant

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