Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

Qiu, Yong; Liu, Zhen; Qian, Lijun; Hao, Jianwei

doi:10.1039/c7ra11069c

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The low char yield of the PBT/PLO blends suggested that the char formation might not be the main fire retarding mechanism. The reduction in the char yield and accelerated decomposition behavior was also reported for polycarbonate after incorporation with different amounts of phosphaphenanthrene FR 35 . The phosphorus compound presence in the PVO may have reacted with PBT, which converted it to a less flammable structure through chemical reactions or crosslinking 36 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Novel sustainable biobased flame retardant from functionalized vegetable oil for enhanced flame retardancy of engineering plastic

Chang

Thakur

Mohanty

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The flame retardancy of an engineering plastic, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), with a biobased flame retardant (FR) made from phosphorylated linseed oil (PLO) and phosphorylated downstream corn oil (PCO) was studied. Different phosphorus moieties were incorporated into the vegetable oil backbone through a ring-opening reaction. The chemical structure of the phosphorylated oil was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear resonance magnetic (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that the incorporation of only 7.5 wt% of PLO was sufficient to change the UL-94 fire class of PBT from non-rating to V-0. The flame-retardancy mechanism of the PBT/PLO blends was evaluated from TGA-FTIR analysis. The combined effects of the gas phase mechanism and the dripping tendency of the blends aided to retard the flame propagation effectively. As the synthesized PLO and PCO contained high free fatty acids, the acid-ester exchange reaction occurred in the blends to form oligomers during the ignition. As a result, the blend dripped immediately and the drips carried all the heat to prevent fire. This work suggests that this sustainable biobased FR could be a desirable alternative to halogen-based FRs for PBT and other engineering polymers to develop more environmentally friendly FR products for various future applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Novel sustainable biobased flame retardant from functionalized vegetable oil for enhanced flame retardancy of engineering plastic

Chang

Thakur

Mohanty

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…CO 2 (2,362 and 2,308 cm −1 ), phenol derivative (3,654 cm −1 for C aromatic -OH, 3,013 and 1,508 cm −1 for C aromatic -H, 1,604 cm −1 for C aromatic = C aromatic , and 1,174 cm −1 for C aromatic -O), methane (2,997 and 1,302 cm −1 ), carbonyl-containing compound (1,235 cm −1 for C carbonyl -O and 1,788 cm −1 for C=O), para-disubstituted benzene and unsubstituted benzene (824 and 668 cm −1 ) are the dominating products of pure PC within 40 wt% mass loss. [25,47] For PC-13.5% A3 (Figure 10b), the disappearance of the peaks at 3,013, 2,997, 824 -, and 668 cm −1 within 5% mass loss indicates that the decomposition process of PC is delayed. This phenomenon suggests the combustion of PC is effectively inhibited.…”

Section: Tga-ftir and Py-gc/ms Analysis On Pc Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PC composites with 1% LaHPP and 7% DBDPO have an increased LOI value to 40.5% and reduce PHRR by 42.3%. Qiu [25] used a flame retardant named TDBA in PC materials. TDBA effectively suppresses the combustion intensity of the PC/TDBA composite due to its multi-phosphaphenanthrene groups, and exerts great flame retardant effect through the gaseous phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant behavior and protective layer effect of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐group flame retardant on polycarbonate

Chen

Qian

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of flame‐retardant polycarbonate (PC) composites with different ratios of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐group flame retardant (A3) were prepared. The flame retardant performance and thermal stability of PC/A3 composites were characterized by LOI, UL 94 vertical burning test, cone calorimetry test and TG. Results show that when the addition of A3 is 13.5%, the PC/A3 composite can pass UL94 V‐0 level with a LOI value of 29.3% and reduce the peak heat release rate by 47.5% during the combustion. TG results show that adding 5% A3 can increase the initial decomposition temperature of the PC by 7°C in nitrogen and 9°C in air. Investigation of the morphology and chemical structure of char residue demonstrates that A3 promotes the formation of more complete and compact char residue which acts as physical barriers to inhibit the transfer of heat and oxygen, resulting the good flame retardant properties. The analysis of gaseous pyrolysis product reveals that A3 also exerts a flame‐retardant effect in gas phase by releasing PO· free radicals.

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“…Polycarbonate (PC) is playing an important role in modern industries such as automobile industry, glass assembly, construction, electrical and electronic (E&E) by virtue of its outstanding performance including high mechanical strength, elastic coefficients, transparency and thermal stability [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Although PC has already demonstrated good flame retardant performance such as 25% limiting oxygen index (LOI) and V-2 rating for burning test (UL 94), it is still difficult to meet more stringent needs, especially in fast-growing vehicle and E&E industries [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility

et al. 2020

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A novel halogen-free flame retardant containing sulfonamide, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (phenyl-4-sulfonamide) adamantane (FRSN) was synthesized and used for improving the flame retardancy of largely used polycarbonate (PC). The flame-retardant properties of the composites with incorporation of varied amounts of FRSN were analyzed by techniques including limited oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests. The new FR system with sulfur and nitrogen elements showed effective improvements in PC’s flame retardancy: the LOI value of the modified PC increased significantly, smoke emission suppressed, and UL 94 V-0 achieved. Typically, the composite with only 0.08 wt% of FRSN added (an ultralow content) can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 33.7% and classified as UL 94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and SEM morphology indicated that the FRSN has very good compatibility with PC matrix, which, in turn, is beneficial to the property enhancement. Finally, the analysis of sample residues after burning tests showed that a high portion of char was formed, contributing to the PC burning protection. This synthesized flame retardant provides a new way of improving PC’s flame retardancy and its mechanical property.

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Gaseous-phase flame retardant behavior of a multi-phosphaphenanthrene compound in a polycarbonate composite

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Novel sustainable biobased flame retardant from functionalized vegetable oil for enhanced flame retardancy of engineering plastic

Novel sustainable biobased flame retardant from functionalized vegetable oil for enhanced flame retardancy of engineering plastic

Flame‐retardant behavior and protective layer effect of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐group flame retardant on polycarbonate

Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility

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