Fish protein hydrolysate in diets of turbot affects muscle fibre morphometry, and the expression of muscle growth‐related genes

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) in diets for turbot on growth performance, muscle fibre morphometry, and the expression of muscle growth‐related genes. A control diet (FPH0) contained 0 g/kg FPH, and four experimental diets were formulated replacing fishmeal with FPH at levels of 45 (FPH4.5), 120 (FPH12), 180 (FPH18) and 300 (FPH30) g/kg. Fish fed the FPH12 and FPH18 diets had higher specific growth rate (SGR) than fish fed the FPH0 diet (p < .05), and a quadratic regression was found between SGR and dietary FPH level (p = .001, R2 = .677). Cross‐section area (CSA) and the length of sarcomere in the FPH12 group increased compared with the control group (p < .05), and a quadratic regression was observed between CSA and dietary FPH level (p = .006, R2 = .574) and between sarcomere length and dietary FPH level (p = .018, R2 = .788). An appropriate level of FPH down‐regulated myostatin 2 gene expression and up‐regulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene expression, while the expression of myogenic regulatory factors was not affected by dietary treatments (p > .05). To conclude, an appropriate level of FPH may improve muscle growth by regulating the expression of muscle growth‐related genes, and muscle microstructure and ultrastructure.

Dietary Supplementation With Hydroxyproline Enhances Growth Performance, Collagen Synthesis and Muscle Quality of Carassius auratus Triploid

“…The present studies showed that the appropriate level of dietary Hyp upregulated the gene expressions level of myod , myf5 and myhc in fish muscle. This result was consistent with reports on turbot and Atlantic salmon that showed dietary Hyp-rich fish meal hydrolysate and fish bone hydrolysate improved muscle growth and upregulated the expressions of muscle myod , myf5, and mrf4 ( Albrektsen et al, 2018 ; Wei et al, 2020 ). These studies indicated that muscle growth and differentiation were at least partially positively regulated by intramuscular myod , myf5 and myhc genes in ITCC.…”

“…Also, MyHC has essential regulatory effects on muscle fiber types and muscle specificity ( Song et al, 2020 ). According to the recent research in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ), rich-Hyp fish meal hydrolysate can enhance muscle growth by modulating the expressions of genes related muscle growth, including myod , myf5 , and mrf4 ( Wei et al, 2020 ). Nevertheless, the precise role of Hyp in regulating muscle development in fish remains unknown.…”

Effect of dietary soybean meal on growth performance, apparent digestibility, intestinal digestive enzyme activity and muscle growth-related gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei

“…The growth and development of muscle that involves hyperplasia and hypertrophy is generally controlled by diverse genetic factors, such as growth hormone (GH), myogenic regulatory factors (Myf5 and MyoG), and target of rapamycin (TOR) (Xin, 2016;Asaduzzaman et al, 2017). Therefore, the effects of formulated diets on muscle growth of aquatic animals were mainly investigated from the aspects of these muscle growth-related genes (Alami-Durante et al, 2018;Wei et al, 2020a;Wei et al, 2020b;Yang et al, 2021). GH stimulates the growth of muscle through inducing proliferation of myogenic cells and muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy (Asaduzzaman et al, 2017).…”

The expressions of two myostatin paralogs in turbot Scophthalmus maximus fasted for 2 weeks and fed diets containing graded levels of fish protein hydrolysate

“…Generally, 40%-60% of a fish body is composed of muscle, and its growth is one of the important factors affecting fish growth (Alami-Durante et al, 2018;Valente et al, 2013). Our previous study found that FPH improved the growth of turbot by regulating the muscle growth (Wei et al, 2020). However, in turbot muscle, FPH did not alter gene expressions of positive actors including myogenic…”

“…For more efficient utilization of fish by-products, they could be hydrolysed into fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) rich in peptides and free amino acids (Halim et al, 2016;Zamora-Sillero et al, 2018). The beneficial effect of FPH on growth performance had been confirmed in many commercial fish including turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) (Hevrøy et al, 2005;Mamauag & Ragaza, 2017;Wei et al, 2020Wei et al, , 2021.…”