No abstract

Topological photonics provides a new paradigm in studying cavity quantum electrodynamics with robustness to disorder. In this work, the coupling between single quantum dots and the second‐order topological corner state are demonstrated. Based on the second‐order topological corner state, a topological photonic crystal cavity is designed and fabricated into GaAs slabs with quantum dots embedded. The coexistence of corner state and edge state with high quality factor close to 2000 is observed. The enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and emission rate are both observed when the quantum dot is on resonance with the corner state. This result enables the application of topology into cavity quantum electrodynamics, offering an approach to topological devices for quantum information processing.

Purple prairie clover (PPC; Vent.) containing 84.5 g/kg DM of condensed tannin (CT) was ensiled without (Control) or with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 76 days, followed by 14 days of aerobic exposure. Changes in fermentation characteristics were determined and bacterial and fungal communities were assessed using metagenomic sequencing. Addition of PEG that deactivated CT at ensiling increased ( < 0.05∼0.001) soluble N, non-protein N, lactic acid, total volatile fatty acids, ammonia N, deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA), but decreased ( < 0.001) pH and water soluble carbohydrates. Concentration of DON and OTA increased ( < 0.001) for both silages with the extent of increase being greater for Control than for PEG treated silage during aerobic exposure. The PEG treated silage exhibited higher ( < 0.01∼0.001) copy numbers of total bacteria, , yeasts and fungi than Control. Addition of PEG decreased ( < 0.01) bacterial diversity during both ensiling and aerobic exposure, whereas it increased ( < 0.05) fungal diversity during aerobic exposure. Addition of PEG at ensiling increased ( < 0.05) abundances of and, but decreased ( < 0.01) abundances of and Filamentous fungi were found in the microbiome at ensiling and after aerobic exposure, whereas the were the dominate bacteria after aerobic exposure. In conclusion, CT decreased protein degradation and improved aerobic stability of silage. These desirable outcomes likely reflect the ability of PPC CT to inhibit those microorganisms involved in lowering silage quality and in the production of mycotoxins. The present study reports the effects of condensed tannins on the complex microbial communities involved in ensiling and aerobic exposure of purple prairie clover. This study documents the ability of condensed tannins to lower mycotoxin production and associated microbiome. Taxonomic bacterial community profiles were dominated by the after fermentation, with a notable increase in as a result of aerobic exposure. It is interesting to observe that condensed tannins decreased bacterial diversity during both ensiling and aerobic exposure but increased fungal diversity during aerobic exposure only. The present study indicates that the effects of condensed tannins on microbial communities lead to a reduced lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids production, proteolysis and mycotoxin concentration in the terminal silage and an improved aerobic stability. Condensed tannins could be used as additive to control unfavorable microbial development and maybe enhanced feed safety.