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A 56-day feeding trial was conducted in a flow-through seawater system to investigate the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on growth performance and lipid metabolism of turbot. Four experimental diets were prepared, differing only in the LPC supplementation, namely, 0 (LPC-0, control), 0.1 (LPC-0.1), 0.25 (LPC-0.25), and 0.5% (LPC-0.5) of dry matter. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate tanks. LPC-0.1 and LPC-0.25 led to significantly higher weight gain than the control diet, and the highest weight gain was observed in LPC-0.1. Compared to the control group, the LPC-supplemented groups had higher survival and lower hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index. LPC-0.25 led to significantly lower contents of crude lipid and ash in whole fish. Dietary LPC supplementation led to a basic decrease in the lipid metabolism-related biochemical parameters in serum but had only very minor influence on the fatty acid composition in the liver and subcutaneous tissue around the fin (STF). High LPC levels upregulated the mRNA expression of BSAL and ApoEα in both the liver and STF. In conclusion, dietary LPC supplementation (0.1-0.25%) enhanced the growth, lowered the lipid accumulation in juvenile turbot, and significantly regulated the lipid metabolism. However, it seldom influenced the fatty acid composition.

Myostatin (MSTN), also known as the growth/differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8), is a member of the transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) superfamily (Gabillard et al., 2013). MSTN-null mammals exhibited a gain in body weight and a double muscle phenotype, which was demonstrated to be a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth (McPherron et al., 1997; Wang et al., 2017). In model fish species such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) as well as commercial fish species such as channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), red sea bream (Pagrus major) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), gene knockout experiments in recent years had confirmed that MSTN in those fish retained the function of inhibiting muscle growth and development (Gao

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