First trimester screening for Down's syndrome after assisted reproductive technology: non-male factor infertility is associated with elevated free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels at 10–14 weeks of gestation

In combined first-trimester Down syndrome screening, the false-positive rate is not higher in pregnancies conceived after assisted reproduction compared with spontaneous pregnancies

“…This is in agreement with most previous studies (6,10,11,14,(17)(18)(19)(20). Some studies have reported the fb-hCG to be increased (13,15,(21)(22)(23).…”

“…Other studies have reported that statistically, the PAPP-A concentration was not significantly reduced in FET pregnancies (10,18). There is also a study in which statistically, the PAPP-A levels were significantly reduced in ICSI pregnancies in the fresh and the frozen-thawed embryo subgroups and in the IVF fresh embryo subgroups as compared with controls (15).…”

First‐trimester maternal serum ADAM12‐s and PAPP‐A levels are altered in pregnancies conceived after assisted reproduction techniques (ART)

“…However, Amor et al found that PAPP‐A levels were decreased, both in male‐factor infertility and female‐factor infertility and also in pregnancies where infertility was caused by the combination of male and female factors . Anckaert et al found that PAPP‐A levels were not altered between male and female infertility. Yet, the same study group found higher f β ‐hCG concentrations in non‐male infertility than in male infertility and spontaneous conceptions .…”

Validation of Correction Factors for Serum Markers for First-Trimester Down Syndrome Screening in Singleton Pregnancies Conceived with Assisted Reproduction

“…Most studies showed decreased PAPP-A levels in ART pregnancies combined with unaltered levels of fβ-hCG [9,13,14,16,17,20,21] increased fβ-HCG levels [12,22,23,24] or even decreased fβ-hCG levels [15,25]. Two studies reported only an increase in fβ-hCG levels [10,26], and some studies reported no changes in maternal serum values in ART pregnancies [11,18,19].…”

“…In ART pregnancies maternal serum marker levels change during the first trimester affecting the risk assessment for DS [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. Counseling for prenatal screening of women carrying an ART pregnancy is complicated due to contradictory reports in FTS performance in ART pregnancies.…”