Filter-based ultralow-frequency Raman measurement down to 2 cm−1 for fast Brillouin spectroscopy measurement

Liu, Xuelu; Liu, Henan; Wu, Jiang-Bin; Wu, Hanxu; Zhang, Tao; Zhao, Wenguang; Tan, Ping‐Heng

doi:10.1063/1.4983144

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…A major advantage of this technique is that the throughput of such Raman setup is much higher than the triple monochromator Raman spectrometer. Since the observation of the S mode in AB-stacked MLG using such a configuration and setup in 2012, it has become increasingly popular to study LF interlayer modes in 2DMs ,,,,,,,− as well as the acoustic phonons in nanostructures. , Recently, thanks to further improvements of the VBG technique, the bandwidth of each BNF can be developed down to ∼4 cm –1 at certain laser wavelength, and thus the LF Raman measurements can be detected down to 2 cm –1 , approaching the Brillouin scattering regions . This has been applied to reliably probe acoustic phonons in bulk semiconductors with high sensitivity, shortening the integration time of the Brillouin signal with a good signal-to-noise ratio by more than 2000-fold compared to a Fabry–Perot interferometer …”

Section: Properties Of Interlayer Shear and Layer-breathing Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Frequency Shear and Layer-Breathing Modes in Raman Scattering of Two-Dimensional Materials

et al. 2017

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Ever since the isolation of single-layer graphene in 2004, two-dimensional layered structures have been among the most extensively studied classes of materials. To date, the pool of two-dimensional materials (2DMs) continues to grow at an accelerated pace and already covers an extensive range of fascinating and technologically relevant properties. An array of experimental techniques have been developed and used to characterize and understand these properties. In particular, Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a key experimental technique, thanks to its capability to identify minute structural and electronic effects in nondestructive measurements. While high-frequency (HF) intralayer Raman modes have been extensively employed for 2DMs, recent experimental and theoretical progress has demonstrated that low-frequency (LF) interlayer Raman modes are more effective at determining layer numbers and stacking configurations and provide a unique opportunity to study interlayer coupling. These advantages are due to 2DMs' unique interlayer vibration patterns where each layer behaves as an almost rigidly moving object with restoring forces corresponding to weak interlayer interactions. Compared to HF Raman modes, the relatively small attention originally devoted to LF Raman modes is largely due to their weaker signal and their proximity to the strong Rayleigh line background, which previously made their detection challenging. Recent progress in Raman spectroscopy with technical and hardware upgrades now makes it possible to probe LF modes with a standard single-stage Raman system and has proven crucial to characterize and understand properties of 2DMs. Here, we present a comprehensive and forward-looking review on the current status of exploiting LF Raman modes of 2DMs from both experimental and theoretical perspectives, revealing the fundamental physics and technological significance of LF Raman modes in advancing the field of 2DMs. We review a broad array of materials, with varying thickness and stacking configurations, discuss the effect of in-plane anisotropy, and present a generalized linear chain model and interlayer bond polarizability model to rationalize the experimental findings. We also discuss the instrumental improvements of Raman spectroscopy to enhance and separate LF Raman signals from the Rayleigh line. Finally, we highlight the opportunities and challenges ahead in this fast-developing field.

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Section: Properties Of Interlayer Shear and Layer-breathing Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Frequency Shear and Layer-Breathing Modes in Raman Scattering of Two-Dimensional Materials

et al. 2017

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“…What is more, the ultra-low-wavenumber Raman technique developed by Pingheng Tan’s research group enables Raman spectroscopy to achieve research upon ultra-low frequency quantum-limited acoustic phonons. 20 Bin Ren used the TERS technique to image the surface of Pd/Au(111) bimetallic model catalyst with 3 nm spatial resolution, and successfully characterized the electron and catalytic properties of different sites on the catalyst surface of the model, which provided a basis for the study of resonance effects of ionic excitons at atomic scale. 9 Chinese scholars have made many achievements in the application of Raman spectroscopy, especially in biomedicine, Raman detection of cancer and Raman imaging, and have promoted the application of Raman spectroscopy in biomedical applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This capability for measuring ultra-low frequencies (ULF) is evidenced by probing the Brillouin spectroscopy of acoustic phonons in silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and gallium nitride (GaN). 20 In addition, the measurement of the ULF Raman signal down to 10 cm −1 has been realized with high throughput by combining a kind of longpass edge filter with a single monochromator, which was verified by the Raman spectrum of L-cystine using three laser excitations. This system has been used to detect the C modes at 30 cm −1 in t(2 + 2)LG flakes prepared by exfoliation or transference techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Review of Chinese Raman Spectroscopy Research Over the Past Twenty Years

et al. 2019

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This paper introduces the major Chinese research groups in the fields of biomedicine, food safety, environmental testing, material research, archaeological and cultural relics, gem identification, forensic science, and other research areas of Raman spectroscopy and combined methods spanning the two decades from 1997 to 2017. Briefly summarized are the research directions and contents of the major Chinese Raman spectroscopy research groups, giving researchers engaged in Raman spectroscopy research a more comprehensive understanding of the state of Chinese Raman spectroscopy research and future development trends to further develop Raman spectroscopy and its applications.

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“…[69,70] Recently, the ULW Raman measurements at 488 nm excitation down to 2 cm 1 approaching to the Brillouin scattering regions are accessible by using the BNFs with narrow bandwidth and high optical density (OD>4). [71] In particular, the BNFs can also displaced by a special edge filter, with which the modes down to 10 cm 1 can be accessible. [72] Using the Raman setup in combination with BNFs, the C modes of AB-MLG were observed in 2012.…”

Section: Experimental Measurement Of the Fundamental C And Lb Modes Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer graphene by Raman spectroscopy

Lin

Liu

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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The measurements of interlayer vibrations in multilayer graphene (MLG) have triggered a huge effort to understand phonons, electron-electron, electron-phonon, magneto-phonon interactions and the effect of layer number, stacking sequences, and layer orientations on the Raman spectroscopy of MLG. Here, we provide a review on the optical probe of interlayer vibrations, comprising the shear (C) and layer breathing (LB) modes. At first, we discuss different symmetries of MLGs in AB, ABC, and twisted stacking with an example of trilayer graphene, which dramatically influence the observations of interlayer vibrations. Then a brief description about the physical origins of the C and LB modes is introduced. Finally, two ways are elucidated to probe the interlayer modes in detail. The C and LB modes can be directly probed in the ultralow-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy with special configurations, as depicted by the Raman spectra in MLG with diverse stacking orders. On the other hand, the LB modes can also be derived from the two-phonon overtones in doubly resonant Raman spectra. These approaches can be extended to the other two-dimensional layered materials, which pave the way to measure the interlayer coupling from experiments and thus greatly benefit the future research studies on their fundamental physics and potential applications. Copyright

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Filter-based ultralow-frequency Raman measurement down to 2 cm−1 for fast Brillouin spectroscopy measurement

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Low-Frequency Shear and Layer-Breathing Modes in Raman Scattering of Two-Dimensional Materials

Low-Frequency Shear and Layer-Breathing Modes in Raman Scattering of Two-Dimensional Materials

A Review of Chinese Raman Spectroscopy Research Over the Past Twenty Years

Probing the shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer graphene by Raman spectroscopy

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