Probing the shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer graphene by Raman spectroscopy

Abstract

The measurements of interlayer vibrations in multilayer graphene (MLG) have triggered a huge effort to understand phonons, electron-electron, electron-phonon, magneto-phonon interactions and the effect of layer number, stacking sequences, and layer orientations on the Raman spectroscopy of MLG. Here, we provide a review on the optical probe of interlayer vibrations, comprising the shear (C) and layer breathing (LB) modes. At first, we discuss different symmetries of MLGs in AB, ABC, and twisted stacking with an example of trilayer graphene, which dramatically influence the observations of interlayer vibrations. Then a brief description about the physical origins of the C and LB modes is introduced. Finally, two ways are elucidated to probe the interlayer modes in detail. The C and LB modes can be directly probed in the ultralow-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy with special configurations, as depicted by the Raman spectra in MLG with diverse stacking orders. On the other hand, the LB modes can also be derived from the two-phonon overtones in doubly resonant Raman spectra. These approaches can be extended to the other two-dimensional layered materials, which pave the way to measure the interlayer coupling from experiments and thus greatly benefit the future research studies on their fundamental physics and potential applications. Copyright

Graphene and related 2D materials: An overview of the Raman studies

“…In the review entitled ‘ Probing the shear and layer breathing modes in mulitlayer graphene by Raman spectroscopy ’ by Miao‐Ling Lin et al ., the authors address the Raman measurements of the fundamental shear (C) modes and layer breathing modes in AB‐stacked, ABC‐stacked, and twisted multilayer graphene (MLG) . The physical origins of the C and layer breathing modes are discussed in the framework of a linear chain model that provides a robust relation between their wavenumber and layer number.…”

Raman spectroscopy of graphene-based materials and its applications in related devices

“…1(a). [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] Raman spectra of all graphene-based materials show few prominent features regardless of the final structure. 55 However, the positions, line shapes, and intensities of these peaks give abundant useful information for the investigation of the structures and electronic properties of graphenebased materials.…”

Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XIII

“…Lin and co‐workers used Raman spectroscopy to probe the shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer graphene. Their approaches can be extended to the other two‐dimensional‐layered materials, which pave the way to measure interlayer coupling and thus greatly benefit future research studies on their fundamental physics and potential applications . Liu et al described the nature of plasmon–exciton‐codriven surface catalytic reactions.…”