Fibrous Polymer-Based Composites Obtained by Electrospinning for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Currently, the significantly developing fields of tissue engineering related to the fabrication of polymer-based materials that possess microenvironments suitable to provide cell attachment and promote cell differentiation and proliferation involve various materials and approaches. Biomimicking approach in tissue engineering is aimed at the development of a highly biocompatible and bioactive material that would most accurately imitate the structural features of the native extracellular matrix consisting of specially arranged fibrous constructions. For this reason, the present research is devoted to the discussion of promising fibrous materials for bone tissue regeneration obtained by electrospinning techniques. In this brief review, we focus on the recently presented natural and synthetic polymers, as well as their combinations with each other and with bioactive inorganic incorporations in order to form composite electrospun scaffolds. The application of several electrospinning techniques in relation to a number of polymers is touched upon. Additionally, the efficiency of nanofibrous composite materials intended for use in bone tissue engineering is discussed based on biological activity and physiochemical characteristics.

Structural Characterization Analyses of Low Brass Filler Biomaterial for Hard Tissue Implanted Scaffold Applications

“…These implanted scaffolds are translational therapeutic approaches [5] using tissue engineering techniques [6] to treat degenerative diseases [7] and improve cartilage regeneration efficiency [8] for osteoarthritis patients. At present, titanium filler [9] is still the most commonly used in metallic scaffolds [10] in advanced combinations with polymer-based biomaterials [11][12][13] during the green composite fabrication processes [14]. However, the existing titanium dioxide filler in these applications [15] was over-strengthened or too hard, resulting in a thin oxide surface layer not being discussed [16].…”

From Soft to Hard Biomimetic Materials: Tuning Micro/Nano-Architecture of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration

“…After 7 months, both types of scaffold showed a capacity to support new bone formation which, however, was greater in structures with constant porosity. In addition, replacing PCL with non-degradable materials was recommended by authors [ 148 ]. Bone ECM presents a micro/nano fibrous component which guides cell alignment and thus, micro and nanofibers are often produced by electrospinning and other techniques to improve osteogenesis [ 149 ].…”

Graphene Oxide–Protein-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Applications

“…Polymeric scaffolds are desirable because of their high water-holding capacity and structural similarity to the ECM [3]. In the last years, both synthetic and natural polymers have been employed for tissue engineering, and scaffold features have been proved to depend on the polymer structure and concentration, pore size, flexibility, stiffness, etc.…”