Feline immunodeficiency virus associated myopathy in the adult cat

Podell, Michael; Chen, Esther; Shelton, G. Diane

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199812)21:12<1680::aid-mus9>3.3.co;2-6

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Wasting, an extreme loss of condition, is common in humans, macaques, and domestic cats infected with pathogenic lentiviruses (Eid and Orenstein, 2006;Faintuch et al, 2006;Freeman et al, 2004;Hutson et al, 1991;Kohmoto et al, 1998;Kotler et al, 1984;Matsumura et al, 1993;Morley, Thomas, and Wilson, 2006;Podell, Chen, and Shelton, 1998;Yamamoto et al, 1989). Many FIVple-infected lions in this study (Table 1; Table S1) presented symptoms suggesting they were along a continuum between wellness and wasting as indicated by their general physical condition, anemic state and significantly depressed albumin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions

et al. 2009

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes AIDS in the domestic cat (Felis catus) but has not been explicitly associated with AIDS pathology in any of the eight free-ranging species of Felidae that are endemic with circulating FIV strains. African lion (Panthera leo) populations are infected with lion-specific FIV strains (FIVple), yet there remains uncertainty about the degree to which FIV infection impacts their health. Reported CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in FIVple infected lions and anecdotal reports of lion morbidity associated with FIV sero-prevalence emphasize the concern as to whether FIVple is innocuous or pathogenic. Here we monitored clinical, biochemical, histological and serological parameters among FIVple-positive (N=47) as compared to FIVple negative (N=17) lions anesthetized and sampled on multiple occasions between 1999 and 2006 in Botswana. Relative to uninfected lions, FIVple infected lions displayed a significant elevation in the prevalence of AIDS defining conditions: lymphandenopathy, gingivitis, tongue papillomas, dehydration, and poor coat condition, as well as displaying abnormal red blood cell parameters and elevated liver enzymes and serum proteins. Spleen and lymph node laparoscopic biopsies from free-ranging FIVple infected lions (N=8) revealed evidence of lymphoid depletion, the hallmark pathology documented in immunodefieciency virus infections of humans (HIV-1), macaques, and domestic cats. We conclude that over time FIVple infections in free-ranging lions can lead to adverse clinical, immunological, and pathological outcomes in some individuals that parallel sequelae caused by lentivirus infection in humans (HIV), Asian macaques (SIV) and domestic cats (FIVfca).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions

et al. 2009

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“…Previous studies have detected two other lentiviruses, HIV and SIV, in human and simian hearts with myocarditis, respectively (Barbaro et al, 1998;Yearley et al, 2006;Pozzan et al, 2009). FIV has also been associated with myopathy in adult cats (Podell et al, 1998) and HIV and SIV are similarly implicated in myopathy in man and simians, respectively (Dalakas et al, 1987;Chan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Myocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocarditis caused by Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in Five Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Rolim

Casagrande

Wouters

et al. 2016

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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Viral infections have been implicated as the cause of cardiomyopathy in several mammalian species. This study describes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and myocarditis associated with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in five cats aged between 1 and 4 years. Clinical manifestations included dyspnoea in four animals, one of which also exhibited restlessness. One animal showed only lethargy, anorexia and vomiting. Necropsy examination revealed marked cardiomegaly, marked left ventricular hypertrophy and pallor of the myocardium and epicardium in all animals. Microscopical and immunohistochemical examination showed multifocal infiltration of the myocardium with T lymphocytes and fewer macrophages, neutrophils and plasma cells. An intense immunoreaction for FIV antigen in the cytoplasm and nucleus of lymphocytes and the cytoplasm of some macrophages was observed via immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC did not reveal the presence of antigen from feline calicivirus, coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, feline parvovirus, Chlamydia spp. or Toxoplasma gondii. The results demonstrate the occurrence of FIV infection in inflammatory cells in the myocardium of five cats with myocarditis and HCM.

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“…Myopathy has also been identified histopathologically in six adult cats infected experimentally with FIV. 19 Jokelainen et al 12 identified T gondii on immunohistochemical staining of skeletal muscle in two cats with generalised toxoplasmosis submitted for necropsy; one also had T gondii identified histologically. Muscle pain has been reported in 3/15 cats that were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis based on serology, clinical signs and response to clindamycin; 13 however, there was no histopathology performed on those cases to confirm a myopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lameness, generalised myopathy and myalgia in an adult cat with toxoplasmosis

Butts

Langley‐Hobbs

2020

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary A 2-year-old female neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with an 18-month history of intermittent lameness on all four limbs. The cat was markedly lame on all four limbs. There was alternation between toe-walking on the forelimbs with a hunched posture and using the dorsal aspect of the carpi to walk on. The cat would hiss repeatedly when walking and would lie down tentatively, appearing happier and less painful when lying. When not lying, the cat preferred to sit back on the hindlimbs and non-weightbear on the forelimbs (the so-called kangaroo stance). Physical examination detected pain on palpation of the calcaneus bone and Achilles tendon bilaterally, and general resentment to handling. Investigations revealed an elevated creatine kinase, a positive Toxoplasma gondii IgG titre, toxic neutrophilic inflammation within the Achilles tendon bursae, electromyography and nerve conduction velocity studies consistent with a diffuse muscular disease, and histopathology of the muscle consistent with a chronic and diffuse myopathy. Arthrocentesis samples and an antinuclear antibodies titre were normal. Prior treatment with meloxicam had been ineffective. A 6-week course of clindamycin was prescribed; an improvement was seen within 3 days and clinical resolution at 3 months. The cat remained clinically normal after 20 months. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, there have been no previously published reports of histopathologically confirmed myopathy as a result of T gondii in cats. This report suggests toxoplasmosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with myopathies or lameness in the absence of other causes.

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Feline immunodeficiency virus associated myopathy in the adult cat

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions

Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions

Myocarditis caused by Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in Five Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Lameness, generalised myopathy and myalgia in an adult cat with toxoplasmosis

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