Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions

Roelke, Melody E.; Brown, Meredith A.; Troyer, Jennifer L.; Winterbach, Hanlie; Winterbach, Christiaan W.; Hemson, Graham; Smith, Dahlem; Johnson, Randall C.; Pecon-Slattery, Jill; Roca, Alfred L.; Alexander, Kathleen A.; Klein, Lin V.; Martelli, Paolo; Krishnasamy, Karthiyani; O’Brien, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.04.011

Cited by 54 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Supporting the importance of host factors is the observation that lions infected by the lionadapted strain of FIV more frequently develop oral papillomas than do uninfected lions. 7 In the present case, FIV infection could be excluded only in cat No. 1, although neither cat showed other evidence of immunosuppression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The oral papillomas of exotic felids are also histologically similar to those of domestic cats and, in contrast to most nonfeline species, typically contain prominent PV cytopathic changes. 7,9 As PVs within a genus tend to have the same tissue tropism and cause the same lesions, the similarities between the lambdapapillomavirus-induced oral papillomas of exotic felids and the oral papillomas in domestic cats provide further evidence that FcaPV-1 is the etiology of these lesions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oral Papillomas Associated With Felis catus Papillomavirus Type 1 in 2 Domestic Cats

Munday

Fairley²,

Mills³

et al. 2015

Vet Pathol

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Multiple small sessile raised lesions were detected on the ventral surface of the tongue in two 13-year-old domestic cats. The lesions were incidental in both cats. Lesions from both cats appeared histologically as well-demarcated foci of markedly thickened folded epithelium that formed keratin-filled shallow cuplike structures. Large keratinocytes that contained a swollen nucleus surrounded by a clear cytoplasmic halo (koilocytes) were common, suggesting a diagnosis of a papillomavirus-induced papillomas, and papillomavirus antigen was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The papillomas exhibited diffuse intense cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity against cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A protein (also known as p16 or INK4a protein). Felis catus papillomavirus type 1 DNA sequences were amplified from both papillomas. The papillomas resolved in 1 cat within 3 months of diagnosis, while the papillomas were still visible 4 months after diagnosis in the other cat. This is the first evidence that these papillomas are caused by F. catus papillomavirus type 1.Keywords felis catus papillomavirus, papilloma, oral cavity, wart, cat Papillomaviruses (PVs) have been detected in all species that have been studied, with most species infected by multiple PV types. Most PV infections do not result in the development of clinically detectable lesions; however, depending on both PV type and host factors, PVs can cause a range of hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions.1 Currently, 4 PV types have been fully classified from domestic cats, including Felis catus PV-1 (FcaPV-1) from a cutaneous viral plaque, FcaPV-2 and FcaPV-3 from cutaneous bowenoid in situ carcinomas, and FcaPV-4 from a sample of gingivitis.2,10 PV infection is also thought to cause feline sarcoids (fibropapillomas), although current evidence suggests that these lesions are caused by a bovine PV. The PVs of domestic cats have been referred to as Felis domesticus PVs.In contrast to those of other species, PV-induced papillomas (warts) in domestic cats are rare, with only 2 oral papillomas and 2 cutaneous papillomas previously reported.2,9 While a cutaneous papilloma was found to contain DNA sequences from a human PV type, the PV type present in oral papillomas in domestic cats has not been previously investigated. Herein, 2 cats with oral papillomas are described. Papillomas in both cats developed on the ventral surface of the tongue and contained FcaPV-1 PV DNA sequences.Cat No. 1 was a 13-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat that was observed during a routine dental procedure to have numerous <3-mm diameter pale raised lesions on the ventral surface of the tongue (Fig. 1). Similar lesions on the ventral surface of the tongue were also observed in a 13-year-old male neutered Abyssinian cat (cat No. 2) during surgical drainage of a ranula. Samples were taken from both cats and submitted for histology.Lesions from both cats consisted of well-demarcated foci of markedly thickened folded epithelium that projected as thick tongues into the underly...

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mentioning

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Papillomas Associated With Felis catus Papillomavirus Type 1 in 2 Domestic Cats

Munday

Fairley²,

Mills³

et al. 2015

Vet Pathol

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“…To determine the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), PLV standards (diluted in TE buffer) were tested on multiple days to determine the lowest concentration that could consistently be quantified. Standard concentrations tested were 10 2 to 10 7 plasmid copies/well (10-fold dilutions), as well as values below this range (10,20,40,50,60, and 80 copies/well). The LLOQ was determined to be 10 2 copies/well, equivalent to 17,000 RNA copies/ml plasma.…”

Section: Table 3 Demographic Information For All Samples Included Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Cross-Species Transmission: Implications for Emergence of New Lentiviral Infections

Lee

Malmberg

Wood

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Owing to a complex history of host-parasite coevolution, lentiviruses exhibit a high degree of species specificity. Given the well-documented viral archeology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) emergence following human exposures to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), an understanding of processes that promote successful cross-species lentiviral transmissions is highly relevant. We previously reported natural cross-species transmission of a subtype of feline immunodeficiency virus, puma lentivirus A (PLVA), between bobcats (Lynx rufus) and mountain lions (Puma concolor) for a small number of animals in California and Florida. In this study, we investigate host-specific selection pressures, within-host viral fitness, and inter-versus intraspecies transmission patterns among a larger collection of PLV isolates from free-ranging bobcats and mountain lions. Analyses of proviral and viral RNA levels demonstrate that PLVA fitness is severely restricted in mountain lions compared to that in bobcats. We document evidence of diversifying selection in three of six PLVA genomes from mountain lions, but we did not detect selection among 20 PLVA isolates from bobcats. These findings support the hypothesis that PLVA is a bobcat-adapted virus which is less fit in mountain lions and under intense selection pressure in the novel host. Ancestral reconstruction of transmission events reveals that intraspecific PLVA transmission has occurred among panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in Florida following the initial cross-species infection from bobcats. In contrast, interspecific transmission from bobcats to mountain lions predominates in California. These findings document outcomes of cross-species lentiviral transmission events among felids that compare to the emergence of HIV from nonhuman primates.IMPORTANCE Cross-species transmission episodes can be singular, dead-end events or can result in viral replication and spread in the new species. The factors that determine which outcome will occur are complex, and the risk of new virus emergence is therefore difficult to predict. We used molecular techniques to evaluate the transmission, fitness, and adaptation of puma lentivirus A (PLVA) between bobcats and mountain lions in two geographic regions. Our findings illustrate that mountain lion exposure to PLVA is relatively common but does not routinely result in communica-

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“…Three out of four of the sampled lion populations had greater than 95% positivity for FIV [72]-such high prevalences along with signs of immune suppression in some non-captive African lions suggest that viral-associated lymphoma might be a problem for wild cat populations as well. A captive lion showing wasting, periodontitis and lymphadenopathy (similar to the wild lion findings of Roelke et al [72]) was found at autopsy to have lymphoma and was FIV positive [73]. However, a retrospective study in US zoos of captive-born African lions with lymphoma found no FIV in tumour samples; nor were any of the lions serologically positive for FIV, according to zoo records [74].…”

Section: Infectious Cancers In Vertebrates (A) Historical Trendmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although species-specific FIV infections in large, nondomestic cats have historically been considered mild, recent investigation of non-captive African lions found indicators of FIV-associated immune depletion [72]. Three out of four of the sampled lion populations had greater than 95% positivity for FIV [72]-such high prevalences along with signs of immune suppression in some non-captive African lions suggest that viral-associated lymphoma might be a problem for wild cat populations as well. A captive lion showing wasting, periodontitis and lymphadenopathy (similar to the wild lion findings of Roelke et al [72]) was found at autopsy to have lymphoma and was FIV positive [73].…”

Section: Infectious Cancers In Vertebrates (A) Historical Trendmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and cancer in multicellular organisms

Ewald

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Evolutionary considerations suggest that oncogenic infections should be pervasive among animal species. Infection-associated cancers are well documented in humans and domestic animals, less commonly reported in undomesticated captive animals, and rarely documented in nature. In this paper, we review the literature associating infectious agents with cancer to evaluate the reasons for this pattern. Non-malignant infectious neoplasms occur pervasively in multicellular life, but oncogenic progression to malignancy is often uncertain. Evidence from humans and domestic animals shows that non-malignant infectious neoplasms can develop into cancer, although generally with low frequency. Malignant neoplasms could be difficult to find in nature because of a low frequency of oncogenic transformation, short survival after malignancy and reduced survival prior to malignancy. Moreover, the evaluation of malignancy can be ambiguous in nature, because criteria for malignancy may be difficult to apply consistently across species. The information available in the literature therefore does not allow for a definitive assessment of the pervasiveness of infectious cancers in nature, but the presence of infectious neoplasias and knowledge about the progression of benign neoplasias to cancer is consistent with a widespread but largely undetected occurrence.

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Pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in wild African lions

Cited by 54 publications

References 79 publications

Oral Papillomas Associated With Felis catus Papillomavirus Type 1 in 2 Domestic Cats

Oral Papillomas Associated With Felis catus Papillomavirus Type 1 in 2 Domestic Cats

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Cross-Species Transmission: Implications for Emergence of New Lentiviral Infections

Infection and cancer in multicellular organisms

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