Feasibility-to-applications of value-added products from biomass: Current trends, challenges, and prospects

A review on thermochemical based biorefinery catalyst development progress

“…[16][17][18] However, the selection of a suitable catalyst, which is cheap and can work for a long time, is the main challenge of this process. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In addition, gasication occurs at high temperature (>700 °C), which requires a high source of heat and also special materials for the reactor. These lead to the high cost of operation.…”

The future of aviation soars with HTL-based SAFs: exploring potential and overcoming challenges using organic wet feedstocks

“…Aqueous phase circulation has proven to be effective in facilitating the transfer of organic matter from the aqueous phase to bio-crude, resulting in a signicant increase in bio-crude yield from 26.09 wt% to 33.72 wt% and improving energy recovery efficiency. 171 The bio-crude made by HTL has a high thermal stability with high carbon (70-80 wt%) contents and a heat of combustion value (37.5-40 MJ kg −1 ) comparable to that of crude oil (45 MJ kg −1 ) and the total carbon yield (60-70%) is in the process 172,173 and HTL bio-crude elemental composition compared to conventional crude has been summarized in Table 7. An extremely important indicator to assess the quality of the biocrude is the ratio of H/C.…”

“…The bio-crude made by HTL has a high thermal stability with high carbon (70–80 wt%) contents and a heat of combustion value (37.5–40 MJ kg −1 ) comparable to that of crude oil (45 MJ kg −1 ) and the total carbon yield (60–70%) is in the process 172,173 and HTL bio-crude elemental composition compared to conventional crude has been summarized in Table 7. An extremely important indicator to assess the quality of the bio-crude is the ratio of H/C.…”

Status check: biocatalysis; its use with and without chemocatalysis. How does the fine chemicals industry view this area?

“…More engaged interviewees also commented on the potential of the new micellar approach that renders these two worlds compatible and greatly accelerates development time. 21 Indeed, when promoting compatibility between chemo- and bio-catalysis, the presence of micelles in the aqueous medium has been found to reduce metal inhibition in several enzymatic systems, and minimizes substrate/product inhibition via the so-called reservoir effect (organic components being enticed away from the enzymatic pocket, thus reducing inhibition). 22 Based on this phenomenon, the standard rounds of enzyme evolution required for improved productivity and increased biocatalyst activity have the potential to be dramatically streamlined, where the nanomicelles assist in realizing an enzyme's potential.…”