Fatty acid profiling of bovine milk and cheese from six European areas by GC‐FID and GC‐MS

Abstract

GC‐FID‐ and GC‐MS‐based fatty acid profiling as a tool trace differences of bovine bulk milk and cheese produced thereof.

Instrumental research methods in sustainable food production as the guarantor of the Vologda Butter brand

“…It is reliably known that the best criterion for the authenticity of milk fat is its fatty acid composition, determined by the instrumental method of gas chromatography in accordance with GOST 32915-2014 "Milk and dairy products. Determination of the fatty acid composition of the fatty phase by gas chromatography" [3][4][5][6].…”

Simultaneous determination of 22 fatty acids in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

“…Optimization of the sodium methoxide FAME derivatization technique. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ay00407d ionization detector (GC-FID) methods [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] due to the higher sensitivity of the MS detectors, 20,21 giving a better estimate of FAs present in the analyte of interest.…”

“…These developed methods, however, are either (1) targeting only essential fatty acids; [31][32][33] (2) imposing limitations to some fatty acids of interest; 11,13,23,[34][35][36] (3) mostly focused on fatty acid extraction from human samples; 13,15,18,23,34,[36][37][38] (4) have complicated sample preparation technique, 4,32,39,40 (5) merely evaluating dysregulated fatty acids; 23,41,42 and (6) needing analytical method validation. 10,12,14,20,43 Thus, there is a need for straightforward GC-MS methods that allow the analysis of FAs as classied by their chain length and degree of unsaturation and are suitable for industrial routine applications, particularly in evaluating the quality of the TPN products.…”

“…Moreover, establishing an appropriate method for analysing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) products, administered mostly for critically ill patients is crucial due to the chemical complexity of its components, particularly in lipid content. 1,2 For instance, analytical techniques in analysing fatty acids (FAs) in food and pharmaceutical products has evolved through the recent years from using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) methods 3–9 to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods 10–19 due to the higher sensitivity of the MS detectors, 20,21 giving a better estimate of FAs present in the analyte of interest.…”

The Application of FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Authentication Analysis of Horse Milk

“…Milk authenticity is an important issue nowadays, not only for producers and consumers but also for the regulatory bodies, as consequently, some analytical methods capable of detecting the adulteration practice and quantifying the adulterants are needed [ 7 ]. These methods included ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF MS) by determining the peptide markers [ 8 ] and metabolomics approach [ 9 ], LC-MS based on ion-trap for proteomics [ 10 ] and peptide analyses [ 11 ], GC-MS and GC-FID by determining fatty acid composition [ 12 ], differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coupled with machine learning detecting the thermal profile of authentic and adulterated milk [ 13 ], and ICP-MS discriminating milk by geographical origin clustering [ 14 ]. Chromatographic-based techniques coupled with MS detectors are widely used detection methods, despite these methods being expensive, involving sophisticated instruments, and needing competent analysts.…”