Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-coV-2). As of June 30, 2020, 216 countries in the world have been confirmed to have Covid-19 with a positive number of 10,117,687 and have died 502,278. Southeast Sulawesi in particular has been confirmed as of June 30, 2020, as many as 363 positive cases, 234 recovered, and 6 deaths. Meanwhile, in Baubau, there were 20 positive confirmed cases. Compliance with health protocols is believed to prevent transmission of Covid-19. Increasing knowledge through education is one of the methods used to increase compliance. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Covid-19 prevention education through video media and online leaflets on the level of public knowledge in Baubau City. This study uses a Quasi-Experiment with the approach method of The Non-Randomized Without Control Group Pretest and Posttest Design. The population is all people of Baubau City with an affordable population during the Covid-19 pandemic based on 1,600 Whatsapp group participants with a sample size of 120 people. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method that met certain criteria. Based on the results of statistical tests with Wilcoxon, the value on the use of video media & leaflets was obtained P = 0.001 <0.05, this indicates that there is a significant difference in knowledge before and after online education. On video media P = 0.248> 0.05, this shows that there is no significant difference after online education. Whereas in the media leaflet P = 0.045 <0.05, this indicates that there is a significant difference after online education. In this study, video media & leaflets and leaflet media are more effectively used as education on prevention of COVID-19 online compared to video media alone.
AbstrakHipertensi disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, di antaranya aktivitas enzim konversi angiotensin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), dan reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ekstrak metanol akar Imperata cylindrica (alang-alang) terbukti mempunyai aktivitas antihipertensi. Studi menunjukkan berbagai terapi antioksidan dapat menurunkan tekanan darah. Senyawa polifenol dari tumbuh-tumbuhan mempunyai banyak manfaat, di antaranya sebagai antioksidan, oleh karena itu dilakukan studi ekperimental untuk mengukur kandungan polifenol total menggunakan metode spektrofotometri sinar tampak pereaksi Folin-Ciocalteu, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Penelitian dilakukan periode Juli sampai Desember 2014. Hasilnya, ekstrak mempunyai kandungan total polifenol sebesar 1,53% ekivalen asam galat (EAG) dan aktivitas antioksidan IC 50 sebesar 0,32 mg/mL. Senyawa fenol mempunyai kemampuan mendonorkan atom hidrogen pada radikal bebas DPPH yang menyebabkan DPPH tereduksi dan ditandai dengan perubahan warna DPPH dari ungu menjadi kuning. Dengan demikian, aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol akar Imperata cylindrica didukung oleh senyawa polifenol. Simpulan, ekstrak mempunyai kandungan polifenol total 1,53% (EAG) dan aktivitas antioksidan IC 50 0,32 mg/mL. Hypertension is caused by many factors, including by the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), reactive oxygen species (ROS). Methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica (alang-alang) root has been proven as having anti-hypertensive activities. Study shows various antioxidant therapies can decrease blood pressure. Polyphenol compounds of plants have many benefits, including as an antioxidant. Therefore, an experimental study was performed to measure the total polyphenol content using visible spectrophotometry method-FolinCiocalteu reagent as well as to test the antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-method 2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) from July to December 2014. The results showed that the extract had a total polyphenol content of 1.53% galad acid aquevalent (GAE) and antioxidant activity IC50 0.32 mg/mL. The polyphenol compounds have the ability to donate hydrogen atom to DPPH free radical, which leads to reduced DPPHmarked by the color change of DPPH from purple to yellow. Thus, antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Imperata cylindrica root was supported by the presence of polyphenol compounds. In conclusion, the extract has a total polyphenol content of 1.53% (GAE) and antioxidant activity IC50 0.32 of 0.32 mg/mL. The presence of polyphenol compounds supports the antioxidant activity of the extract. [MKB. 2015;47(1):60-4]
Purpose Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) has been validated as a molecular target for treating inflammatory diseases. The present work was performed to identify potential COX-2 inhibitors by employing pharmacophore modeling. Methods The pharmacophore features consisted of seven features, ie, three hydrophobic, one negative ion, and three hydrogen bond acceptors, which were developed based on the structure of COX-2 inhibitor, (R)-naproxen. Results The pharmacophore model was validated with a Goodness of Hit (GH score) of 0.754 and the values of AUC100% 0.51. Screening against the ZINC database retrieved 1675 hits, while the molecular docking procedure identified four best hit molecules in term of binding orientation and binding energies, ie, Lig_1805/ZINC103584272 (E = −11.03 kcal/mol), Lig_553/ZINC408573132 (E = −10.92 kcal/mol), Lig_680/ZINC103584263 (E = −10.90 kcal/mol), and Lig_2006/ZINC19324645 (E = −10.62 kcal/mol). Conclusion The interactions of the four hits occurred in the binding site as (R)-naproxen did, and interestingly, their binding affinities were stronger than (R)-naproxen, implying their potential as COX-2 inhibitors.
Low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) has higher solubility and lower viscosity allowing for a wider pharmaceutical application compared to high molecular weight chitosan. LMWC chitosan can be obtained through a chitosan depolymerization process. This research aimed to produce LWMC using the combination of formic acid and ultrasonication method with the optimal condition of the depolymerization process. The chitosan depolymerization method was performed by combining formic acid and ultrasonication. The optimum conditions of the depolymerization process were obtained using the Box–Behnken design. The LMWC obtained from depolymerization was characterized to identify its yield, degree of deacetylation, the molecular weight, structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and crystallinity index. Results: The characterization results of LWMC obtained from the depolymerization process using the optimum conditions showed that the yield was 89.398%; the degree of deacetylation was 98.076%; the molecular weight was 32.814 kDa; there was no change in the chemical structure, LWMC had disorganized shape, there was no change in the thermal behavior, and LWMC had a more amorphous shape compared to native chitosan. Conclusion: The production of LWMC involving depolymerization in the presence of weak acid and ultrasonication can be developed by using the optimal condition of the depolymerization process.
A BSTRACT Alopecia is a condition in which some or all of the hair from the scalp is lost. One recent preventative measure is the inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase. Inhibition of the enzyme 5-α-reductase converts circulating testosterone to its more potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone. Ethnobotically, Merremia peltata is used as a baldness medicine by utilising compounds contained within the leaves. This research aimed to test activity of 18 known compounds contained within M. peltata ) as anti-alopecia. Activity was based on their interaction with the androgen receptor (PDB code 4K7a) using molecular docking and ADME-Tox prediction. The stages of research performed were: preparation of androgen protein structure databases; preparation and optimization of three-dimensional structures of compounds using ChemDraw 8.0; molecular docking to the androgen receptor protein using Autodock 1.5.6.; and ADME-Tox prediction using the pkCSM tool. The following test compounds had strong bond energies (ΔG): compound 16 (olean-12-en-3beta-ol, cinnamate)-7.71 kcal/mol, compound 17 (alpha-amyrine)-6.34 kcal/mol, and Finasteride-6.03 kcal/mol. Interestingly, the ΔG of compound 16 (olean-12-en-3beta-ol, cinnamate) is better than of minoxidil (-4.8 kcal/mol) and also to gold-standard treatment compound, finasteride. ADME-Tox prediction for compound 16 showed favorable results in several metrics such as skin permeability, absorption, and distribution. Compound 16 (olean-12-en-3beta-ol, cinnamate) is therefore a potential androgen receptor antagonist and may be beneficial in the treatment of alopecia.
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