Fatores associados à qualidade da dieta de adultos residentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil, 2002

Abstract

Objetivou-se avaliar os fatores demográficos, sócio-econômicos e de estilo de vida associados à qualidade da dieta de adultos residentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Estudo transversal, por meio de inquérito domiciliar, de base populacional, foi realizado no Distrito do Butantã e nos municípios de Itapecerica da Serra, Embu e Taboão da Serra. Utilizaram-se dados de um questionário e um recordatório de 24 horas de 1.840 adultos de 20 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, incluídos em um inquérito de saúde (ISA-SP). A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada através do índice de qualidade da dieta (IQD) adaptado para a realidade local. Utilizou-se análise de regressão linear para avaliar a associação entre o IQD e as demais variáveis. A maioria da população (75%) apresentou dieta que necessita de melhora. Observaram-se médias baixas para os componentes: frutas, verduras e legumes, leite e derivados. Número de bens de consumo duráveis, escolaridade do chefe da família e ter 60 anos ou mais se associaram ao IQD em homens. Para as mulheres, a faixa etária se associou ao IQD. Em ambos os modelos, o consumo de calorias se manteve como variável de ajuste.

Diet quality in a sample of adults from Cuiabá (MT), Brazil: association with sociodemographic factors

“…Results similar to those of the present study were found by other studies done in Brazil and elsewhere, that is, different HEI scores between genders, age groups, and education level of the household head 21,22 . Gender, age group, and education level are determinants of food habits since they influence an individual's decision to adopt protective or risk behaviors concordant with the cultural standards of his group.…”

The diet quality index evaluates the adequacy of energy provided by dietary macronutrients

“…The individual's age or age group could also reflect better food choices with rising age 1 , and in fact this study found that adults and older adults have healthier diets than adolescents. Other characteristics, such as education level of the household head and level of physical activity, are not significantly related to BHEI score, but are considered important variables in diet quality variability.…”

“…Other characteristics, such as education level of the household head and level of physical activity, are not significantly related to BHEI score, but are considered important variables in diet quality variability. Therefore, they are essential for the proposed analyses 1 . Some limitations of the study are the homogeneous distribution of the participants regarding the macronutrient intake adequacy in the population, with most people being classified as having inappropriate adequacy.…”

“…Diet complexity led to the proposal of many food intake assessment methods, such as dietary indexes, which have been extensively used in the literature because of their ability to measure, in a summarized way, the main characteristics of a healthy diet, and to incorporate in the analyses the correlation between foods and nutrients 1,2 . Some of the many indexes available today are the Health Eating In this context, the BHEI assesses the intake of many food groups, nutrients, and combinations thereof in relation to the current dietary recommendations.…”

“…The BHEI has twelve components: nine food groups ("total fruits", "whole fruits", "total vegetables", "dark green/ orange vegetables and legumes", "total grains", "whole grains", "milk and dairy products", "meats, eggs, and legumes", and "oils"); two nutrients ("sodium" and "saturated fats"); and the last component is energy coming from Solid Fats, Added Sugar, and Alcohol (SoFAA) 1 . The maximum scores vary: five for the first six components, 10 for the next five components, and 20 for the last component.…”