Fate of [14C]Emamectin Benzoate in Head Lettuce

Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to Cydia pomonella (L.) and Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): laboratory and field tests

“…The molecular structure of emamectin benzoate is complex and very susceptible to light‐induced breakdown 20. According to Crouch and Feely,9 the rapid degradation of 3 H‐labeled MAB1A benzoate observed on lettuce 2 h preharvest would almost certainly have occurred on the leaf surface, as this is too soon for molecules to have penetrated the foliage and be subjected to metabolic breakdown by enzymes. Nevertheless, owing to the high toxicity of emamectin benzoate to Lepidoptera, in the present findings contact activity lasted for 1 day after treatment.…”

“…Emamectin benzoate has long residual ingestion activity on leaf‐feeding species of Lepidoptera on account of its translaminar activity building a reservoir of product within the foliage. However, as emamectin benzoate is rapidly photodegraded on leaf surfaces,9 contact activity to beneficial arthropods on the leaf surfaces is limited to a very short period of time, allowing selective control of Lepidoptera in IPM systems 10…”

Pesticide‐conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles: novel opportunities for improving the photostability of emamectin benzoate

“…In this reaction, acryloyl chloride can react violently with water to produce acrylate acid, so the reaction must be carried out under anhydrous conditions. Thus, liquid organic bases such as triethylamine and pyridine served the purpose of acid acceptors . In analogous experiments, Turos selected sodium hydride (NaH) as acid acceptor in him preparation of N‐methylthio β‐lactam monomers .…”

“…Thus, liquid organic bases such as triethylamine and pyridine served the purpose of acid acceptors. [19,20] In analogous experiments, Turos selected sodium hydride (NaH) as acid acceptor in him preparation of N-methylthio b-lactam monomers. [21] When we utilized NaH to neutralize hydrogen chloridehy, the reaction solution became red and quickly produced black precipitates.…”

Avermectins: The promising solution to control plant parasitic nematodes

“…While in darkness the degradation process of emamectin is stable in soils [27,37]. Previous studies revealed that photo-degradation may produces many byproducts under UV light [27,[38][39][40]. The vapor pressure and Henry's constant of emamectin benzoate are low, therefore these suggest that volatility from soil and water will be low.…”