Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to <i>Cydia pomonella</i> (L.) and <i>Cydia molesta</i> (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): laboratory and field tests

Ioriatti, C.; Anfora, G.; Angeli, G.; Civolani, S.; Schmidt, Silvia; Pasqualini, E.

doi:10.1002/ps.1689

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The current study therefore supports the notion that aqueous plant extracts are relatively harmless to natural enemies [49][50][51] and can be integrated with biological pest control unlike synthetic insecticides such as Attack which has deleterious effects on natural enemies. This insecticide (Attack) is a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural product abamectin in the avermectin family 52,53 . It is considered to have minimal effect on predators and parasitoid because it degrades rapidly through sunlight on the leaf surface resulting in shorter contact periods in the crop environment 52 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This insecticide (Attack) is a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural product abamectin in the avermectin family 52,53 . It is considered to have minimal effect on predators and parasitoid because it degrades rapidly through sunlight on the leaf surface resulting in shorter contact periods in the crop environment 52 . Some studies have found Attack ® less harmful to natural enemies than other synthetic insecticides and therefore recommend its inclusion in integrated pest management programmes e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Amoabeng

Stevenson

Mochiah

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Besides providing food and shelter to natural enemies of crop pests, plants used in conservation biological control interventions potentially provide additional ecosystem services including providing botanical insecticides. Here we concurrently tested the strength of these two services from six non-crop plants in managing cabbage pests in Ghana over three successive field seasons. Crop margin plantings of Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, Crotalaria juncea, Cymbopogon citratus, Lantana camara and Talinum triangulare were compared with a bare earth control in a three-way split plot design such that the crop in each plot was sprayed with either a 10% (w/v) aqueous extract from the border plant species, a negative control (water) and a positive control (emamectin benzoate 'Attack' insecticide). Pests were significantly less numerous in all unsprayed treatments with non-crop plant margins and in corresponding sprayed treatments (with botanical or synthetic insecticide positive control) while treatments with bare earth margin or sprayed with water (negative controls) had the highest pest densities. Numbers of predators were significantly depressed by synthetic insecticide but higher in other treatments whether unsprayed or sprayed with botanical insecticide. We conclude that some plant species have utility in both conservation biological control and as source of botanical insecticides that are relatively benign to natural enemies. In this crop system, however, the additional cost associated with using botanical insecticides was not justified by greater levels of pest suppression than achieved from border plants alone. Insect pest attack causes huge crop losses 1 affecting the potential availability of food for over one billion people 2 , and threatening global food security 3. Effective pest management is critical to meeting global food demands 4-6 and synthetic insecticides have been the principal tool in the past six decades 7,8. Even with the introduction of newer and relatively safer insecticides 8 and increased application per unit area and time 9 , crop loss resulting from insect damage has doubled in the past four decades 1,10,11. Indiscriminate and excessive application has led to the elimination of important organisms in the agroecosystem that support crop production 12,13. This is especially prevalent in developing countries including Ghana where farmers and the environment are exposed to high levels of synthetic insecticides, including active ingredients that have been banned in developed nations due to high toxicity and persistence 14. Inadequate provision of important ecosystem services including natural enemy-mediated pest control reinforces reliance on hazardous inputs such as insecticides and threatens agricultural sustainability 15,16. Conservation biological control based on habitat manipulation has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to synthetic insecticides 17. Habitat manipulation involves intentionally establishing plant species at the farm scale or landscape scale to provide conduc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Amoabeng

Stevenson

Mochiah

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is an economically important pest on pome fruit worldwide. Control of codling moth largely relies on insecticides [20], although mating disruption has been developed as an environmentally safe alternative [21], [22]. In mating disruption, sexual communication and mate-finding is disrupted by aerial permeation of apple orchards with synthetic pheromone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative Chemosensory Receptors of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, Identified by Antennal Transcriptome Analysis

et al. 2012

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The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is an important fruit pest worldwide. As nocturnal animals, adults depend to a large extent on olfactory cues for detection of food and mates, and, for females, oviposition sites. In insects, odor detection is mediated by odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), which ensure the specificity of the olfactory sensory neuron responses. In this study, our aim was to identify chemosensory receptors in the codling moth as a means to uncover new targets for behavioral interference. Using next-generation sequencing techniques, we identified a total of 43 candidate ORs, one gustatory receptor and 15 IRs in the antennal transcriptome. Through Blast and sequence similarity analyses we annotated the insect obligatory co-receptor ORco, five genes clustering in a conserved clade containing sex pheromone receptors, one homolog of the Bombyx mori female-enriched receptor BmorOR30 (but no homologs of the other B. mori female-enriched receptors) and one gene clustering in the sugar receptor family. Among the candidate IRs, we identified homologs of the two highly conserved co-receptors IR8a and IR25a, and one homolog of an IR involved in phenylethyl amine detection in Drosophila. Our results open for functional characterization of the chemosensory receptors of C. pomonella, with potential for new or refined applications of semiochemicals for control of this pest insect.

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“…(Yen &Lin 2004 andAndersch et al 2011). Emamectin benzoate is a novel macrocyclic lactone insecticide derived from naturally occurring avermectin molecules isolated by fermentation from the soil microorganism Streptomyces avermitilis (Ioriatti et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pyridalyl and emamectin benzoate on some biological and biochemical parameters of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Albino rat.

Abdel-Hafez¹,

Osman²

2013

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

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The present investigation aimed to throw light on the efficiency of two novel insecticides, pyridalyl and emamectin benzoate(contact), a semi-synthetic insecticide on two different larval instars (2 nd and 4 th) of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidaptera: Noctuidae). Also to study their toxic affects on some biochemical parameters on albino rat. The results clearly showed that pyridalyl was more toxic than emamectin benzoate against the 2 nd and 4 th larval instar according to LC 50 values after all time post exposure (2, 3, 5 and 7 days). In addition the two tested compound decreased pupal weight, pupation and adult emergence percentages resulted from larvae treated with different concentrations of these insecticides as 2 nd and 4 th larval instars. The present study also animals were treated orally with (1/10 LD 50) of each compound done by using sixty male adult albino rats were divided into three groups .First group "control" was received distilled water daily, second group were received repeated oral administration of 0.07mg/animal/day of pyridalyl and third group were received repeated oral administration of 2.5 mg/animal / day of emamectin benzante for 28 consecutive days. The results showed that there were significant increases of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than emamectin benzante and control. On the other hand there were significant decreases in protein content in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than E. benzante on comparison with control. Conclusion: The results indicated the toxic nature of the insecticide pyridalyl is more than E. benzante on Spodoptera littoralis and albino rats so we suggest that usage of E. benzante although it less toxic to save environment.

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Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to Cydia pomonella (L.) and Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): laboratory and field tests

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Scope for non-crop plants to promote conservation biological control of crop pests and serve as sources of botanical insecticides

Putative Chemosensory Receptors of the Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, Identified by Antennal Transcriptome Analysis

Effects of pyridalyl and emamectin benzoate on some biological and biochemical parameters of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) and Albino rat.

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