The biological and biochemical effects chloropyrifos, camphor extract and their combination were studied against the 4 th instars of Spodoptera littoralis under semi-field conditions. The results indicated that the LC 50 for chloropyrifos was 0.08 ppm and 13.3 x 10 3 ppm for the camphor extract. The estimated Co-toxicity factor was 13.2 So, there is an additive effect between camphor oil and chloropyrifos against S. littoralis.Oil extract of camphor prolonged larval and pupal duration also the same effect happened when using mixture of camphor extract and chloropyrifos. This prolongation was accompanied with a reduction in pupal weight of the treated larvae. While when using chloropyrifos only the larval and pupal duration were shortened Also % of pupation and % of adult emergence were more decrease in plant extract and insecticide mixture than each compound alone.Biochemical studies showed that, total protein content of larval instars decreased by 31, 26 and 13.5 % for camphor extract, chloropyrifos and its combination, respectively. Also, the activity of acid phosphatase, α-esterase was significantly decreased. Where the alkaline phosphatase, activity increased When compared with control.
The present investigation aimed to throw light on the efficiency of two novel insecticides, pyridalyl and emamectin benzoate(contact), a semi-synthetic insecticide on two different larval instars (2 nd and 4 th) of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidaptera: Noctuidae). Also to study their toxic affects on some biochemical parameters on albino rat. The results clearly showed that pyridalyl was more toxic than emamectin benzoate against the 2 nd and 4 th larval instar according to LC 50 values after all time post exposure (2, 3, 5 and 7 days). In addition the two tested compound decreased pupal weight, pupation and adult emergence percentages resulted from larvae treated with different concentrations of these insecticides as 2 nd and 4 th larval instars. The present study also animals were treated orally with (1/10 LD 50) of each compound done by using sixty male adult albino rats were divided into three groups .First group "control" was received distilled water daily, second group were received repeated oral administration of 0.07mg/animal/day of pyridalyl and third group were received repeated oral administration of 2.5 mg/animal / day of emamectin benzante for 28 consecutive days. The results showed that there were significant increases of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than emamectin benzante and control. On the other hand there were significant decreases in protein content in the treatment of Pyridalyl more than E. benzante on comparison with control. Conclusion: The results indicated the toxic nature of the insecticide pyridalyl is more than E. benzante on Spodoptera littoralis and albino rats so we suggest that usage of E. benzante although it less toxic to save environment.
The latent effects of three plant oils; namely thyme , bitter and neem on certain biological and biochemical parameters of the 6 th instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis treated as 2 nd and 4 th instars with the LC 50 values of these oils. The results showed that the 2 nd instars were more susceptible to all the tested oils than the 4 th instar larvae. All treatments recorded significantly difference in all durations for both 2 nd and 4 th instars. Also, highly significant prolongation in pupal duration and the most prolonged oil was occurred by thyme on the 2 nd instars, while bitter was more effective on the 4 th instar larvae. Longevity of both sexes was reduced specially for male moths. No significant reduction was noticed on female longevity as a result of pretreated 2 nd but significant reduction was recorded for pretreated 4 th instars especially with thyme. Highly significant reduction in pupal weight produced from the treated 2 nd and 4 th larval instars with the three products. All oils caused deformations with various degrees for larvae, pupae and adults resulted from the treated 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae. The highest deformations exist in larval-pupa intermediate by thyme as pretreated 2 nd and 4 th of the larval instars. Bitter gave the highest pupal deformation as the pretreated 4 th instars followed by neem for the 2 nd and 4 th instars. Generally, all oils exhibited higher effect on the males. Total malformation during all generation recorded its maximum value with neem treatment as 2 nd instars then thyme was the most effective in both 4 th and 2 nd of the larval instars followed by bitter. Highly significant stimulation in chitinase and α-& β-esterases activity was recorded with all treatments and the most effective one caused by thyme followed by bitter. Highly significant inhibition in protease activity and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was attained by (bitter & thyme) and (neem & thyme) oils, respectively. While high significant stimulation was recorded in protease and non significant stimulation of AChE was noticed by neem and bitter, respectively.
The journal of Toxicology and pest control is one of the series issued twice by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, and is devoted to publication of original papers related to the interaction between insects and their environment. The goal of the journal is to advance the scientific understanding of mechanisms of toxicity. Emphasis will be placed on toxic effects observed at relevant exposures, which have direct impact on safety evaluation and risk assessment. The journal therefore welcomes papers on biology ranging from molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology to ecology and environment, also systematics, microbiology, toxicology, hydrobiology, radiobiology and biotechnology. www.eajbs.eg.net Provided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.
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