Pesticide‐conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles: novel opportunities for improving the photostability of emamectin benzoate

Abstract

Emamectin benzoate, a macrocyclic lactone, can be used in low quantities to control arthropod pests, effectively. However, its poor photostability prevents its further use. To delay its photodegradation, novel acrylate‐type polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized and tested as materials for improving pesticide photostability. N‐acylated emamectin benzoate was synthesized via bonding emamectin benzoate to acrylamide. The resulting pesticide, containing the double bond linkage –C=C–N–, was copolymerized with butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate by the emulsion polymerization method. The refined polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy, and result illustrated the pesticide was conjugated to the polymers. Atomic force microscope and dynamic light scattering analyses were also used for determining the average particle diameters of pesticide–polymer conjugates. Photostability tests showed that the nanoparticles obtained exhibited greatly improved photostability. Additionally, the laboratory toxicity tests demonstrated that the insecticidal effects of the novel emamectin benzoate formulation were better than those of the control pesticide formulation (emamectin benzoate EC). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Environmental fate of nanopesticides: durability, sorption and photodegradation of nanoformulated clothianidin

“…Nanoformulations discussed so far in the literature could either slow down 28 – 31 or catalyse 32 the photodegradation of the associated AI. The DT 50 of clothianidin generally followed the order AI < Com < NFB < NFA < NFC.…”

Preparation and Evaluation of Emamectin Benzoate Solid Microemulsion

“…Emamectin benzoate, a macrocyclic lactone insecticide (Figure 1), is a semisynthetic derivative of the avermectins [16][17][18]. It shows a broad spectrum, high efficiency, and low toxicity, which is further improved with thermal stability than avermectin [19].…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Pesticidal Activity of Emamectin Benzoate Nanoformulations against Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

“…xylostella . Emamectin benzoate-conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles (EB-CN SE) also showed much better control effects than the commercial product (emamectin benzoate EC) on H. armigera [44].…”