Avermectins: The promising solution to control plant parasitic nematodes

Khalil, Mohamed S.; Darwesh, Dalia M

doi:10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001036

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Avermectins are the group of 16 distinct chemical compounds that belong to the drug category of macrocyclic lactones and which have well established insecticidal, acaricidal, and nematicidal activities [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. These are originally produced by soil dwelling gram-positive bacterium of group actinomycetes, Streptomyces avermitilis , through the process of fermentation [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Macrocyclic backbone is the main component of avermectins to which a hexahydrobenzofuran and a spiroketal agent are attached [ 11 ].…”

Section: Avermectinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Avermectins-Induced Toxicity in Animals

et al. 2022

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Macrocyclic lactones, particularly the avermectins, have completely revolutionized the approaches aimed at control of parasites. These avermectins are the most widely used anti-parasitic drugs in veterinary field with sales exceeding one billion US dollars annually. However, before clinical usage, their safety evaluation in the animals is a major critical factor that must be considered. Many studies have reported the negative effects of avermectins like ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, and eprinomectin on the host animals. These harmful effects arise from avermectins targeting GABA and glutamate-gated chloride channels present both in the parasites and the host animals. In this review, various modes of avermectins action along with the negative effects on the host like nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption were discussed in detail. Furthermore, other important issues like ecotoxicity, drug resistance, and drug residues in milk associated with avermectins usage were also discussed, which need special attention.

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Section: Avermectinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of avermectins include ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, and selamectin [ 11 , 13 , 15 , 23 , 36 , 38 , 40 ]. The chemical structures of these compounds as taken from various sources [ 15 , 40 ] are shown in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Avermectinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Avermectins-Induced Toxicity in Animals

et al. 2022

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“…Avermectin B1a is the main essential active component of the well-known traditional nematicide, avermectin, a mixture of avermectin B1a ( 80%) and B1b ( 20%) (Pitterna, 2009). The two components B1a and B1b of avermectin have almost identical biological and toxicological properties (Khalil, 2013;Khalil & Darwesh, 2019). Emamectin benzoate (emamectin B1a > 90%) and emamectin B1b < 10%) is the 4-deoxy-4-methylamino derivative of avermectin B1 and generally prepared as salt with benzoic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of commonly used nematicides with combined in in vitro and in planta bioassays

Zhang

Xie²,

Huang

et al. 2022

Nematol.

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Summary For efficient use of available synthesised nematicides, bioassay-guided analysis is required to understand the behaviours of nematicides. In this study, the key nematicides on the market, including avermectin B1a, avermectin B2a, emamectin benzoate, fluensulfone, fluopyram and fosthiazate, were evaluated by both in vitro and in planta approaches with optimised solvent and nematode inoculum. We found that acetone was the only one of the six solvents tested safe for both root-knot nematode (RKN) second-stage juveniles (J2) and cucumber at the tested concentration. The optimal numbers of RKN J2 for inoculation on cucumber seedlings in the glass-tube assay, cup assay and microplot experiment were 200, 700 and 1250, respectively. No obvious phytotoxicity symptoms were observed in the in planta assays for all nematicides selected at the tested concentration in the soil drench application. When the substrate changed from pure sand to matrix-sand, the EC50 and EC90 of all six nematicides increased. Among them, fluopyram rose the most. In the microplot experiment, avermectin B2a showed the lowest EC50 but the EC90 of avermectin B2a, fluensulfone, fluopyram and fosthiazate were similar. The results are useful as a guide to the application of commonly used nematicides in the field.

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“…Avermectins are a family of natural products with a large macrocyclic lactone ring consisting of four major components (A1a, A2a, B1a, and B2a) and four minor components (A1b, A2b, B1b, and B2b) isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces avermectinius. Abamectin, doramectin, emamectin benzoate, eprinomectin, and ivermectin are avermectins used in a large scale because they present potent acaricidal, anthelmintic, and insecticidal activities [2,3]. As an example, abamectin is a blend of avermectin B1a (≥80%) and B1b (≤20%), and emamectin benzoate, a novel avermectin derivative developed as a pesticide, is a mixture of B1a (≥90%) and emamectin B1b (≤10%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2021

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Soybean, maize, and bean are crops of great economic importance, but in recent years have suffered with infestations of the caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera, with the main reason being the resistance of this pest to most pesticides. Avermectin emamectin benzoate was recently released to control this pest. Other avermectins, like abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, and ivermectin are used in large scale because they potent acaricidal, anthelmintic, and insecticidal activities. Thus, a simple and fast method for the determination of avermectins in these crops based on a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis was developed and validated. For extraction, water followed by acetonitrile:isopropanol and a partition step with salts was stablished. With the clean-up step using activated EMR-Lipid, limits of detection of 1.2 μg kg−1 for abamectin, doramectin, emamectin benzoate, and ivermectin, and of 2.4 μg kg−1 for eprinomectin were achieved. The validation showed satisfactory results and the method was successfully applied to commercial samples, indicating that it is suitable for routine analysis.

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Avermectins: The promising solution to control plant parasitic nematodes

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Assessment of Avermectins-Induced Toxicity in Animals

Assessment of Avermectins-Induced Toxicity in Animals

Evaluation of commonly used nematicides with combined in in vitro and in planta bioassays

Determination of Avermectins Residues in Soybean, Bean, and Maize Using a QuEChERS-Based Method and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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