Factors Related to Variation in Premenopausal Bone Mineral Status: A Health Promotion Approach

Tudor–Locke, Catrine; McColl, R. S.

doi:10.1007/s001980050001

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 293 publications

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“…The strong association between body weight and bone density has been documented in many prior studies of premenopausal women (54). Physical activity also was consistently predictive of higher BMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A prospective investigation of the relations among cognitive dietary restraint, subclinical ovulatory disturbances, physical activity, and bone mass in healthy young women

Waugh

Polivy

Ridout

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Cognitive dietary restraint (CDR) may mediate subclinical ovulatory disturbances, which may result in loss of bone mineral density (BMD). CDR is associated with greater physical activity, which may modify the effect of CDR and ovulatory disturbances on bone mass. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relations among CDR, ovulatory disturbances, and physical activity and their effect on BMD in healthy premenopausal women over a 2-y period. Design: In this prospective cohort study, key explanatory factors, important covariates, and BMD were measured at baseline and at 12 and 24 mo; 225 women completed the baseline assessment, and 189 completed the study. CDR was measured with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and physical activity was measured with the Baecke scale. An average of 9.8 menstrual cycles in 2 y were monitored by using salivary progesterone measurements and urinary ovulation detection kits. Ovulatory disturbances included anovulatory cycles or short luteal phase lengths of 10 d. BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body was measured by using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. General linear mixed modeling was used to determine predictors of change in BMD over time. Results: CDR was not associated with ovulatory disturbances or changes in BMD. The average annual rate of change in lumbar spine BMD was decreased by 0.01 g/cm 2 in women who had experienced ͧ3 monitored cycles with ovulatory disturbances (P ҃ 0.02). Conclusions: CDR did not predict bone loss, and there was no relation between CDR and ovulatory disturbances. Ovulatory disturbances had a negative effect on the rate of change at the lumbar spine. The cause of these disturbances is unknown.Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1791-801.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A prospective investigation of the relations among cognitive dietary restraint, subclinical ovulatory disturbances, physical activity, and bone mass in healthy young women

Waugh

Polivy

Ridout

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…A longitudinal study (followup for 10 y) on age-and menopause-related changes of BMD in 172 Japanese women aged 31-69 y showed that there was no significant decrease of BMD among women before menopause, but there was a significant decrease of BMD (Ϫ1.59%/y) in the early postmenopausal period compared with the premenopausal and late postmenopausal periods (18). The importance of primary prevention of osteoporosis by maximization of the peak BMD during the premenopausal years was highlighted in a recent review article (19). Because a decrease of BMD is inevitable after menopause, an essential part of the preventive strategy for minimizing the future risk of significant osteoporosis involves maximizing the peak BMD during the premenopausal period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Bone Mineral Density to Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Lifestyle Factors in Japanese Female Workers Aged 22-44 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Funakoshi

Omori

Katoh

2010

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Bone mineral density (BMD) reflects both genetic and lifestyle factors. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the influence of vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene polymorphism and lifestyle factors on BMD in premenopausal female workers. The subjects were 162 premenopausal female employees aged 22-44 y who worked at a large-scale integrated manufacturing facility in Japan. BMD was measured at the nondominant radius by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lifestyle information was obtained by a questionnaire at the same time and genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes. BMD was positively correlated with age, weight, and body mass index (BMI). The genotype frequencies of VDR gene polymorphism detected by Taq I analysis were 77.2, 22.8, and 0.0% for TT , Tt , and tt , respectively. Analysis of covariance with adjustment for age and BMI showed that the mean BMD was significantly lower in subjects with the Tt genotype than in those with the TT genotype. Subjects who drank alcohol also showed a significantly lower BMD if they had the Tt genotype than if they had the TT genotype. According to multiple linear regression analysis, the independent determinants of BMD were age, BMI, and VDR gene polymorphism. Our data show that BMD is negatively correlated with the Tt genotype of the VDR gene, but positively correlated with age and BMI. These findings suggest that analysis of VDR gene polymorphism may be useful for identifying individuals who are susceptible to osteoporosis so that early preventive measures can be provided. Key Words bone mineral density, gene polymorphism, lifestyle factors, vitamin D receptor In Japan, prevention of osteoporosis is a high-priority issue because osteoporotic fracture is one of the primary causes of elderly persons becoming bedridden ( 1 ). Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) is the best tool available to assess osteoporotic fracture risk, since low BMD is an important risk factor for osteoporotic fracture ( 2 ). The peak BMD of Japanese women is reached around 35-40 y of age, and it falls rapidly during the first 10 y after menopause and then decreases gradually ( 3 ). Because a decrease of BMD is inevitable after menopause, it is necessary to identify and manage any premenopausal decrease of BMD. BMD can be influenced by various lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, and nutrition ( 4 ). Among the genes that may be associated with the development of osteoporosis, polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene has been most widely studied ( 5 ), and a meta-analysis ( 6 ) suggested that BMD is influenced by VDR gene polymorphism. BMD is affected by both genetic and lifestyle factors ( 5 ), but most studies have separately investigated the effects of VDR gene polymorphism or lifestyle factors on BMD. Better understanding of this combined effect may allow us to identify a highrisk group for osteoporosis and lead to more effective osteoporosis prevention and to improvement of public health. A few previous studies ( 7-10 ) have ...

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“…Gordon et al [19] found LTM to be the most important predictor of bone mineral in young adult females. Tudor-Locke [20] indicated that both LTM and FM contribute to increased compressive forces during skeletal loading but that LTM alone produces a tensile force on bone. In our study, LTMI showed a significant relation with the BMD of the left arm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, body weight is composed of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass, and there is disagreement as to which has a greater effect on BMD [15][16][17][18][19][20]. VanItallie et al [21] demonstrated that FM and fat-free mass unadjusted by body height are not suitable for use in the evaluation of body composition, since the effects of body height on FM or fat-free mass differ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between bone mineral density and body composition in Japanese females aged 18–40 years with low forearm bone mineral density

Arimatsu

Kitano

et al. 2008

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives To clarify the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in Japanese women aged 18-40 years with low forearm BMD. Methods The subjects were Japanese199 women who had been selected for inclusion in the study based on a low forearm BMD determined at the Annual Women's Health Examination. The subjects' mean (± standard deviation) age, body height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 33.5 (±4.3) years, 158.1 (±5.1) cm, 49.6 (±5.7) kg, and 19.8 (±2.1), respectively. The BMD of the lumbar spine, total body, and left arm were measured using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat mass (FM), bonefree lean tissue mass (LTM), and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured simultaneously with DXA. Results In the structural equation model, the standardized regression weights for the path from BMI to BMD of all sites were 0.273-0.434. Conversely, the BF% to BMD of the total body and left arm were -0.192 and -0.296, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, the FM index (FMI) was significantly associated with the BMD of the lumbar spine as a weight-bearing site. The LTM index (LTMI) was significantly associated with the BMD of the total body and left arm as a non-weight-bearing site. Conclusions Young females with low forearm BMD had low body weight and BMI. Thinness was shown to be a risk factor for low BMD, in accordance with results reported elsewhere. A gain in body weight may have the effect of increasing BMD, but our results suggest that to increase BMD, the gain in body weight must include increases in LTM, and not FM alone.

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Factors Related to Variation in Premenopausal Bone Mineral Status: A Health Promotion Approach

Cited by 72 publications

References 293 publications

A prospective investigation of the relations among cognitive dietary restraint, subclinical ovulatory disturbances, physical activity, and bone mass in healthy young women

A prospective investigation of the relations among cognitive dietary restraint, subclinical ovulatory disturbances, physical activity, and bone mass in healthy young women

Relation of Bone Mineral Density to Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Lifestyle Factors in Japanese Female Workers Aged 22-44 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Correlation between bone mineral density and body composition in Japanese females aged 18–40 years with low forearm bone mineral density

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