Facilitating agroforestation of landscapes for sustainable benefits: Tradeoffs between carbon stocks and local development benefits in Indonesia according to the FALLOW model

Noordwijk, Meine van; Suyamto, Desi; Lusiana, Betha; Ekadinata, Andree; Hairiah, Kurniatun

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.016

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Motivations A, B and C are not automatically synergistic and prospects of substantial REDD+ rent (motivation A) increased the initial attention of local and national policy makers but did not match intrinsic motivation C. While the rent-seeking elites are well versed in tapping into legal and illegal forest rent, they are seeking entry points into REDD+ rent. There is substantial literature on rent seeking in the forest sector in general but also specific application to the emerging carbon markets (Van Kooten et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for clarity of scope, given the existence of multiple definitions of forest and the discussions in Indonesia about the experience of afforestation/reforestation as part of the Clean Development Mechanism, where the institutional concept of forest (forest lands are all those designated to be forest, managed by the Ministry of Forestry) dominated rather than that based on tree cover and carbon stock (van Noordwijk et al 2008b). 2.…”

Section: Study Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IFCA report (IFCA 2007;van Noordwijk et al 2008a) cited data that only 10 % of the area classified as forest zone had been demarcated through the legal requirements of a forest delineation process. This left more than half of the country uncertain as to the nature of associated rights and a questionable forest zone legality (Contreras-Hermosilla and Fay 2005;World Bank 2007).…”

Section: Tenure Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenges around tenure faced in Indonesia are common to other countries experimenting with REDD (Sunderlin et al 2013;Resosudarmo et al 2013). Van Noordwijk et al (2012) discussed two complementary paradigms to commodification: compensation and co-investment. Both can be seen as part of the broad PES concept in the sense that they aim at internalization by local decision makers of externalities that are of value to external stakeholders.…”

Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reducing emissions from land use in Indonesia: motivation, policy instruments and expected funding streams

Noordwijk¹,

Agus²,

Dewi³

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

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Land-based emissions of carbon dioxide derive from the interface of forest and agriculture. Emission estimates require harmonization across forest and non-forest data sources. Furthermore, emission reduction requires understanding of the linked causes and policy levers between agriculture and forestry. The institutional forestry traditions dominated the emergence of the discourse on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) while more holistic perspectives on land-based emissions, including agriculture, found a home in international recognition for Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). We tested the hypothesis that, at least for Indonesia, the NAMA framework provides opportunities to resolve issues that REDD+ alone cannot address. We reviewed progress on five major challenges identified in 2007 by the Indonesian Forest Climate Alliance: 1) scope and 'forest' definition; 2) ownership and tenurial rights; 3) multiplicity and interconnectedness of drivers; 4) peatland issues across forest and non-forest land categories; and 5) fairness and efficiency of benefitdistribution mechanisms across conservation, degradation and restoration phases of tree-cover transition. Results indicate that the two policy instruments developed in parallel with competition rather than synergy. Three of the REDD+ challenges can be resolved by treating REDD+ as a subset of the NAMA and national emission reduction plans for Indonesia. We conclude that two issues, rights and benefit distribution, remain a major challenge, and require progress on a motivational pyramid of policy and polycentric governance. National interest in retaining global palm oil exports gained priority over expectations of REDD forest rents. Genuine concerns over climate change motivate a small but influential part of the ongoing debate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tenure Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reducing emissions from land use in Indonesia: motivation, policy instruments and expected funding streams

Noordwijk¹,

Agus²,

Dewi³

et al. 2013

Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change

Self Cite

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“…One of the issues that troubled the prospects of jatropha plantations being implemented under the afforestation/reforestation CDM scheme in general was related to the operational definition of forest in Indonesia [46]. The definition of "forest" is a political sensitive issue in many countries and was left to the authority of the member parties' national governments.…”

Section: Challenge 1: Core Definitions What Is a Forest?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pioneering in Marginal Fields: Jatropha for Carbon Credits and Restoring Degraded Land in Eastern Indonesia

Rooijen

2014

Sustainability

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This paper highlights the role of a national Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in Indonesia as "pioneer" actor in the jatropha global production network, linking solutions for local problems with narratives concerning global concerns. Analysis of previous activities of the NGO positions their jatropha project as one period in a sequence of donor-funded appropriate technology programs. On the island of Flores in Eastern Indonesia the NGO aimed to establish community based jatropha cultivation exclusively on "degraded land", avoiding threats to food cultivation, and responding to local problems of land degradation and water resources depletion. In contrast with investors interested in jatropha based biofuel production for export, the NGO aimed at developing biofuel for local needs, including jatropha based electricity generation in the regional state-owned power plant. Anticipating progress in international and national regulations concerning the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) the 2008 project's design included carbon credit income as a main source of future project financing. Using methods of socio-legal studies and political ecology, this study indicates that when the economic feasibility of a project is based on the future financial value of a legally constructed commodity like carbon credits, the sustainability of the project outcome can be questionable. The author recommends precaution when it comes to including anticipated income from carbon credits in calculating the economic viability of a project, as price developments can fluctuate when political support and regulations change.

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Forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change

Pramova

Locatelli

Djoudi

et al. 2012

WIREs Climate Change

150

125

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Ecosystems provide important services that can help people adapt to climate variability and change. Recognizing this role of ecosystems, several international and nongovernmental organizations have promoted an ecosystem-based approach to adaptation. We review the scientific literature related to ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) with forests and trees, and highlight five cases in which forests and trees can support adaptation: (1) forests and trees providing goods to local communities facing climatic threats; (2) trees in agricultural fields regulating water, soil, and microclimate for more resilient production; (3) forested watersheds regulating water and protecting soils for reduced climate impacts; (4) forests protecting coastal areas from climate-related threats; and (5) urban forests and trees regulating temperature and water for resilient cities. The literature provides evidence that EBA with forests and trees can reduce social vulnerability to climate hazards; however, uncertainties and knowledge gaps remain, particularly for regulating services in watersheds and coastal areas. Few studies have been undertaken on EBA specifically, but the abundant literature on ecosystem services can be used to fill knowledge gaps. Many studies assess the multiple benefits of ecosystems for human adaptation or well-being, but also recognize trade-offs between ecosystem services. Better understanding is needed of the efficiency, costs, and benefits, and trade-offs of EBA with forests and trees. Pilot projects under implementation could serve as learning sites and existing information could be systematized and revisited with a climate change adaptation lens.  2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. How to cite this article:WIREs Clim Change 2012Change , 3:581-596. doi: 10.1002 INTRODUCTIONC limate change will affect human well-being in many parts of the world 1 and effective adaptation is needed even under the most stringent mitigation * Correspondence to: e. 2 The role of ecosystem goods and services in societal adaptation to climate variability and change has received renewed recognition. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) is an anthropocentric approach, in which ecosystem services are conserved or restored to reduce the vulnerability of people facing climate change threats. 3,4 Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems and can be classified as provisioning services (e.g., timber and firewood), regulating services (e.g., water regulation), and cultural services (e.g., recreation). 5 Examples of EBA include the restoration of mangrove shelterbelts for the protection of coastal settlements against storms and waves and the conservation of forested watersheds for the reduction of flood risk. Many international and nongovernmental conservation and development organizations have promoted EBA by stressing its effectiveness in reducing social vulnerability, its cost-efficiency, and its co-benefits for biodiversity conservation, poverty reduction, and climate change mitigation. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, the ...

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Facilitating agroforestation of landscapes for sustainable benefits: Tradeoffs between carbon stocks and local development benefits in Indonesia according to the FALLOW model

Cited by 57 publications

References 32 publications

Reducing emissions from land use in Indonesia: motivation, policy instruments and expected funding streams

Reducing emissions from land use in Indonesia: motivation, policy instruments and expected funding streams

Pioneering in Marginal Fields: Jatropha for Carbon Credits and Restoring Degraded Land in Eastern Indonesia

Forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change

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