Facile rheological route method for LiFePO₄/C cathode material production

Abstract

LiFePO4/C cathode material is largely used in Li-ion batteries due to its low toxicity, nonhazardous and high stability features. A facile and simple approach is proposed in LiFePO4/C production using low-cost materials. The effect of carbon addition during the formation of LiFePO4/C was investigated. Based on the XRD and FTIR analyses, olivine-structured LiFePO4/C cathode material was successfully obtained via methanol-based rheological method. The SEM result showed that the material has micron-sized polyhedral shape. The electrochemical performance tests were conducted in an 18,650-type cylindrical battery. The charge–discharge performances were tested at a voltage range of 2.2–3.65 V using charge and discharge rate of 1C. Based on the charge–discharge test, LiFePO4 with 30% carbon addition has the highest specific capacity of 121 mA h/g with excellent cycle and rate performance as a result of successful carbon compositing in LiFePO4 material. This approach is promising to be adapted for mass production of LiFePO4/C.

Economical Hydrometallurgical Routes for LiFePO4/C Cathode Materials Fabrication

“…In contrast to Fe3(PO4)2, FePO4 peaks are not clearly visible because the material is amorphous, consistent with previous studies. However, to assure the quality of the LFP/C precursors, further characterization by FTIR spectroscopy was performed [11], [14], [15].…”

“…Synthesis of LiFePO4/C Precursor. FeSO4•7H2O (Shandong Kaiteda Chemical Co., China) as a source of iron was dissolved into distilled water with a concentration of 1 M. To remove any residual iron oxide, FeSO4 is pretreated using HCl [11]. As depicted in figure 1, In order to obtain iron oxalate powder, an equimolar amount of 1 M oxalic acid (Yuanping Changyuan Chemical Co., China) solution was added to the iron sulfate solution while 2 M NaOH (Asahi, Indonesia) solution was added dropwise until a pH of 2 was reached.…”

Characterization of Femnpo4 Precursors as a Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Lifemnpo4 Batteries With Variation of Ph Coprecipitation

“…The FTIR test is used to determine the bond type of functional groups that interact with infrared. The peaks of 3446 cm-1 and 1637 cm-1 are the bending and stretching bonds of water (H2O) respectively [12]. The highest absorption peak is seen at the peak of 1047 cm-1 which is a P-O stretching group bond originating from a phosphate ion (PO4 -3 ).…”

Novel Synthesis of 3D Mesoporous FePO4 from Electroflocculation of Iron Filings as a Precursor of High-Performance LiFePO4/C Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“… 11 , 12 It is evident that the nanostructure facilitates shorter ion diffusion paths, resulting in high efficiency. 13 , 14 Various methods have been developed to prepare nanostructure LFP particles to facilitate Li + diffusion, including hydrothermal/solvothermal, 15 , 16 sol–gel, 17 and hard-templating approaches. 18 − 20 Surface conductive coating and ion doping are complementally used to enhance the migration of electrons.…”

“…Lithium-ion diffusion in LFP is preferably one-dimensional along the b -axis. , It is evident that the nanostructure facilitates shorter ion diffusion paths, resulting in high efficiency. , Various methods have been developed to prepare nanostructure LFP particles to facilitate Li + diffusion, including hydrothermal/solvothermal, , sol–gel, and hard-templating approaches. − Surface conductive coating and ion doping are complementally used to enhance the migration of electrons. − However, the high-performance nanostructured LFP suffers from low tap density and volumetric energy density limitations . With these drawbacks, extensive studies have been initiated to explore novel LFP nanostructures.…”