Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Explained

Abstract

The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented that eloquently explains the mystery behind this new and powerful sample preparation technique. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol-gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabric, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate very fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows for direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution and to highly acidic or basic environments (pH 1-12) if required. A sol-gel derived sorbent, highly polar sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) coating, was generated on cellulose substrates. Five cm 2 segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion. An important class of environmental pollutants, substituted phenols, was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol-gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities for both the compound classes in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substitute phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.

Recent Trends in Microextraction Techniques Employed in Analytical and Bioanalytical Sample Preparation

“…In fact, it allows small and large volumes to be treated, and could be usefully applied in all fields where a very high pre-concentration factor is required, from environmental to biological, from toxicological to food and food supplement quality control. The common drawbacks encountered in conventional sample preparation techniques can be conveniently overcome by using FPSE-developed by Kabir and Furton [59], and recently reviewed by the inventors [60]-which does not require any matrix modifications or clean-up. FPSE successfully integrates the advantages of equilibrium-based extraction (SPME/SBSE) and exhaustive extraction (SPE) without the necessity of time-consuming sample pretreatment procedures such as protein precipitation.…”

Critical evaluation of microextraction pretreatment techniques – Part 1: Single drop and sorbent‐based techniques

“…Kabir et al. described a new variant of thin‐film microextraction and called it the fabric‐phase sorptive extraction procedure, where they combined sol‐gel coating technology with a cellulose fabric. The extraction material has a high sample capacity and the process is fast and it can be used for extraction of analytes from different samples (e.g.…”

Recent Advances in Extraction and Stirring Integrated Techniques

“…The versatility of SME is based on the great availability of commercial and lab-made membranes. In fact, the use of fabric phases, a porous hybrid inorganic-organic sorbent material chemically bonded to the flexible and permeable substrate matrix, [31] has been also proposed as a sorptive phase in SME [32]. This combination allowed the extraction of several triazine herbicides from water samples with enrichment factors in the range from 444 to 1410.…”