Abstract:The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol-gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabrics, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows its direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution. As a representative sorbent, sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) coating was generated on cellulose substrates. Five (cm 2 ) segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion mode. An important class of environmental pollutants-substituted phenols-was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol-gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substitute phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.

The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented that eloquently explains the mystery behind this new and powerful sample preparation technique. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol-gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabric, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate very fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows for direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution and to highly acidic or basic environments (pH 1-12) if required. A sol-gel derived sorbent, highly polar sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) coating, was generated on cellulose substrates. Five cm 2 segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion. An important class of environmental pollutants, substituted phenols, was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol-gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities for both the compound classes in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substitute phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.

A simple and sensitive analytical methodology is developed for rapid screening and quantification of selected estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals and bisphenol A from intact milk using fabric phase sorptive extraction in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection/tandem mass spectrometry. The new approach eliminates protein precipitation and defatting step from the sample preparation workflow. In addition, the error prone and time‐consuming solvent evaporation and sample reconstitution step used as the sample post‐treatment has been eliminated. Parameters with most significant impact on the extraction efficiency of fabric phase sorptive extraction including sorbent chemistry, sample volume, extraction time have been thoroughly studied and optimized. Separation of the selected estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals including α‐estradiol, hexestrol, estrone, 17α‐ethinyl estradiol, diethylstilboestrol, and bisphenol A were achieved using a Zorbax Extend‐C18 high‐performance liquid chromatography column (15 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size). The limit of detection values obtained in fabric phase sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection ranged from 25.0 to 50.0 ng/mL. The method repeatability values were 3.6–13.9 (relative standard deviation, %) and intermediate precision values were 4.6–12.7 (relative standard deviation, %). The fabric phase sorptive extraction method was also coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for identifying each endocrine disrupting chemical at 10 ng/mL.

Abstract:The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol-gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabrics, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows its direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution. As a representative sorbent, solgel poly(ethylene glycol) coating was generated on cellulose substrates. Five cm 2 segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion mode. An important class of environmental pollutants, substituted phenols, was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol-gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substitute phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.

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