Experimental investigations on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of thermal cracked cashew nut shell liquid (TC-CNSL)–diesel blends in a diesel engine

Velmurugan, A.; Loganathan, M.; Gunasekaran, E. James

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.04.060

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A resistência de mistura asfáltica à deformação permanente depende, além da temperatura, de fatores como rigidez do ligante asfáltico, dosagem do ligante na mistura, interação entre o agregado mineral e o ligante asfáltico e a porosidade da mistura asfáltica [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Dosagem de mistura asfáltica com CAP 50/70 modificado com borra de petróleo

2016

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Modificadores de ligantes asfálticos, tais como polímeros, borrachas de pneus moídos, borra oleosa de petróleo, dentre outros, vêm sendo estudados para melhor adequação destes às condições de uso. Contrariamente aos puros, os ligantes modificados apresentam comportamento reológico não-Newtoniano. Por essa razão, a dosagem de mistura asfáltica com ligantes modificados apresenta restrições às metodologias convencionais. Neste estudo, a modificação do ligante asfáltico CAP 50/70 foi realizada utilizando-se 10% e 20%, em massa, de masterbatch’s de borracha de pneus inservíveis com borra de petróleo, na proporção 15/85 (CM1) e 85/15 (CM2), seguindo a Norma DNER – ME 043/95. Os resultados mostraram que é possível dosar misturas asfálticas com o CAP 50/70 modificado com borra de petróleo seguindo-se a metodologia da referida Norma.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Dosagem de mistura asfáltica com CAP 50/70 modificado com borra de petróleo

2016

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“…The liquid from it is considered as viscous, dark, caustic with long chain saturated and unsaturated phenols, which is a mixture of meta-alkylphenols variably with unsaturated benzene rings (18-27%/nut) Velmurugan et al, 2014). The cashew nut trade began in the early 1920s when India was a pioneer in the processing and marketing as an industry.…”

Section: Other Features and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CNSL is now been one of the valuable sources for bio-fuel and can be used directly in diesel engine (Velmurugan et al, 2014;Vallinayagam et al, 2014). Cardanol has also been used as an antioxidant.…”

Section: Industrial Applications Of the Net Bark Of Cashew Nutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)

Leite¹,

Islam²,

Junior³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Anacardium occidentale L. is a tree native to Brazil, which is rich in phenolic lipids. Nowadays, the cashew bark (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid) has received great attention in the pharmaceutical industry, due to its economy, abundance and important chemical compounds. Net of cashew nut shell is classified according to the method of production of: (1) net of the shell of natural cashew nut (60-65% anacardic acid; 15-20% cardol and 10% of cardanol) and (2) liquid from the technical cashew nut shell (60-65% of cardanol, 15-20% cardol and 10% of polymeric material). This work aims to report the pharmacological properties of liquids from cashew nut shells. Results suggest that both liquids have antifungal, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-tumor, antiulcerogenic, molluscicides, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. Natural cashew nut liquid is non-genotoxic, whereas technical liquid is genotoxic in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although there is no evidence of their mutagenic effects on eukaryotic cells. In conclusion, the excellent antioxidant and non-mutagenic activities of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) provide opportunities for CNSL in the cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical industries, but continuous study is needed to allow safe and efficacious preparations.

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“…For this reason, cashew nut shell liquid has versatile applications, and it can be used for a wide range of chemical modifications to produce useful monomer precursors. CNSL derived material can be used as chemical intermediates, additives, 4,5 stabilizers, 6 lubricants, 7 diesel engine fuel alternatives, 8 anti-oxidants, 9 anticorrosive paints, sodium cardanol sulfate detergent, 10 coating, brake linings 11 and resins. 12 Although there is a large number of applications of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its components, anacardic acid and cardanol, there are very few examples of the transformation of cashew nut shell liquid and its components into small value-added molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%