The hydrogenation of dicarboxylic acids and their esters in the presence of anilines provides a new synthesis of heterocycles.

Cardanol from cashew nut shell liquid extracted from cashew nut shells was successfully converted into various useful pharmaceutical drugs, such as norfenefrine, rac-phenylephrine, etilefrine and fenoprofene.

A new and selective route for the synthesis of polymer precursors, primary diamines or N-substituted diamines, from dicarboxylic acids, diesters, diamides and diols using a Ru/triphos catalyst is reported.

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