Expanding the Operational Limits of the Single-Point Impedance Diagnostic for Internal Temperature Monitoring of Lithium-ion Batteries

Spinner, Neil; Love, Corey T.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Tuttle, Steven G.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.003

Cited by 71 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Srinivasan et al [27], [28] as well as Schwarz et al [29] related the internal battery temperature to the phase shift between an applied sinusoidal current and the resulting alternating voltage. The internal battery temperature has also been correlated to the real part [14] and imaginary part [30] of the impedance at a predefined frequency. The real-part method has subsequently been combined with surface temperature measurements and a thermal impedance model to estimate the temperature distribution inside cylindrical cells [31], [32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Zero Intercept Frequency: An Accurate Method to Determine the Integral Temperature of Li-Ion Batteries

Raijmakers

Danilov

Lammeren

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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Abstract-A new impedance-based approach is introduced in which the integral battery temperature is related to other frequencies than the recently developed zero-intercept frequency (ZIF). The advantage of the proposed non-zero-interceptfrequency (NZIF) method is that measurement interferences, resulting from the current flowing through the battery (pack), can be avoided at these frequencies. This gives higher signal-tonoise ratios (SNR) and, consequently, more accurate temperature measurements. A theoretical analysis, using an equivalent circuit model of a Li-ion battery, shows that NZIFs are temperature dependent in a way similar to the ZIF and can therefore also be used as a battery temperature indicator. To validate the proposed method impedance measurements have been performed with individual LiFePO4 batteries and with large LiFePO4 battery packs tested in a full electric vehicle under driving conditions. The measurement results show that the NZIF is clearly dependent on the integral battery temperature and reveals a similar behavior to that of the ZIF method. This makes it possible to optimally adjust the NZIF method to frequencies with the highest SNR.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Zero Intercept Frequency: An Accurate Method to Determine the Integral Temperature of Li-Ion Batteries

Raijmakers

Danilov

Lammeren

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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“…As previous studies have concluded, this frequency can be used as a reliable SOH metric even as the cells lose reversible capacity over their lifetime. 1,2,18,19 Example data collected from one of the seventeen cells is presented in Figure 3, with the error bars indicating one standard deviation from the median values of the data. It appears the first half of the semi-circle in the high frequency region has relatively low variations in the data, and after this point (approximately 100 Hz), the data begins to vary significantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into State-of-Health Impedance Diagnostic for 26650 4P1S Battery Packs

Huhman

Heinzel

Mili

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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State-of-Health (SoH) is a critical parameter for determining the safe operating area of a battery cell and battery packs to avoid abuse and prevent failure and accidents. Experiments were performed at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) on a 4P1S cell array using pulsed discharge and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) to determine a single-point SoH frequency for the array as a whole. Individual cell EIS measurements were taken, as well as measurements of the array as a whole. This work will discuss experimental results to date.

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“…Moreover, this temperature range is a reasonable assumption for the battery temperatures encountered during (normal) operation of the battery cell and has been used in a number of other studies as well . Nevertheless, for future research and validation, the temperature range can be extended as the principle of impedance‐based temperature estimation has been shown to be valid for a wider range of temperatures …”

Section: Accuracy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For battery safety, accurate information of the internal temperature is important for early detection of thermal runaway. Considering the recent trend of battery pack supervision on the cell level, instead of measuring the surface temperature directly with external temperature sensors, the (average) internal temperature can be estimated using online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) by inferring a temperature relation between the electrochemical battery impedance and the battery temperature . Using impedance‐based temperature estimation is a promising technique as it may provide faster and more accurate information on the (average) internal temperature of a battery cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards impedance‐based temperature estimation for Li‐ion battery packs

et al. 2020

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Summary In order to meet the required power and energy demand of battery‐powered applications, battery packs are constructed from a multitude of battery cells. For safety and control purposes, an accurate estimate of the temperature of each battery cell is of vital importance. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the battery temperature can be inferred from the impedance. However, performing EIS measurements simultaneously at the same frequency on each cell in a battery pack introduces crosstalk interference in surrounding cells, which may cause EIS measurements in battery packs to be inaccurate. Also, currents flowing through the pack interfere with impedance measurements on the cell level. In this paper, we propose, analyse, and validate a method for estimating the battery temperature in a battery pack in the presence of these disturbances. First, we extend an existing and effective estimation framework for impedance‐based temperature estimation towards estimating the temperature of each cell in a pack in the presence of crosstalk and (dis)charge currents. Second, the proposed method is analysed and validated on a two‐cell battery pack, which is the first step towards development of this method for a full‐size battery pack. Monte Carlo simulations are used to find suitable measurement settings that yield small estimation errors and it is demonstrated experimentally that, over a range of temperatures, the method yields an accuracy of ±1°C in terms of bias, in the presence of both disturbances.

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Expanding the Operational Limits of the Single-Point Impedance Diagnostic for Internal Temperature Monitoring of Lithium-ion Batteries

Cited by 71 publications

References 48 publications

Non-Zero Intercept Frequency: An Accurate Method to Determine the Integral Temperature of Li-Ion Batteries

Non-Zero Intercept Frequency: An Accurate Method to Determine the Integral Temperature of Li-Ion Batteries

Investigation into State-of-Health Impedance Diagnostic for 26650 4P1S Battery Packs

Towards impedance‐based temperature estimation for Li‐ion battery packs

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