ExoPlaSim: Extending the Planet Simulator for exoplanets

Paradise, Adiv; Macdonald, Evelyn; Menou, Kristen; Lee, Christopher; Fan, Bo Lin

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac172

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Such behavior is expected, as Paradise et al (2022) noted that they "have not validated ExoPlaSim in moist greenhouse and runaway greenhouse regimes" and chose to "include these warmer models for the sake of completeness." Although ExoPlaSim shows numerically stable solutions for these extremely hot atmospheres, it is worth noting that Paradise et al (2022) calculate the stratospheric water vapor content of these cases to be near or in excess of 10 −3 kg kg −1 , which is indicative of a moist or runaway greenhouse state. Case 4 is the only warm climate state calculated with ExoCAM, and the region of warm parameter space predicted by ExoCAM is smaller than for ExoPlaSim.…”

Section: Preliminary Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of such areas of the parameter spaces may depend on the GCM used and on how far from the standard modern Earth atmosphere the simulation takes place. The design of this intercomparison is motivated by a recent study that used the ExoPlaSim GCM of intermediate complexity to conduct hundreds of simulations of an Earth-sized planet in a fixed synchronous orbit around an M-dwarf host star (Paradise et al 2022). ExoPlaSim is a computationally efficient GCM that can rapidly explore a large parameter space that would be difficult or intractable with a GCM of full complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sparse Atmospheric Model Sampling Analysis (SAMOSA) Intercomparison: Motivations and Protocol Version 1.0: A CUISINES Model Intercomparison Project

et al. 2022

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Planets in synchronous rotation around low-mass stars are the most salient targets for current ground- and space-based missions to observe and characterize. Such model calculations can help to prioritize targets for observation with current and future missions; however, intrinsic differences in the complexity and physical parameterizations of various models can lead to different predictions of a planet’s climate state. Understanding model differences is necessary if such models are to guide target selection and aid in the analysis of observations. This paper presents a protocol to intercompare models of a hypothetical planet with a 15-day synchronous rotation period around a 3000 K blackbody star across a parameter space of surface pressure and incident instellation. We conduct a sparse sample of 16 cases from a previously published exploration of this parameter space with the ExoPlaSim model. By selecting particular cases across this broad parameter space, the SAMOSA intercomparison will identify areas where simpler models are sufficient, as well as areas where more complex GCMs are required. Our preliminary comparison using ExoCAM shows general consistency between the climate state predicted by ExoCAM and ExoPlaSim except in regions of the parameter space most likely to be in a steam atmosphere or incipient runaway greenhouse state. We use this preliminary analysis to define several options for participation in the intercomparison by models of all levels of complexity. The participation of other GCMs is crucial to understand how the atmospheric states across this parameter space differ with model capabilities.

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Section: Preliminary Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sparse Atmospheric Model Sampling Analysis (SAMOSA) Intercomparison: Motivations and Protocol Version 1.0: A CUISINES Model Intercomparison Project

et al. 2022

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“…For planet f, we simulate 33 bar CO 2 (control) and a 33 bar CO 2 plus 1 bar H 2 O composition. 8 The aquaplanets use a 30 m thermodynamic slab ocean model, and desert planets have constant surface albedo values of 0.2 (Paradise et al 2022). The majority of the results will be focused on comparing the control runs with one or two of the sensitivity experiments.…”

Section: Exoplasim: a User-friendly And Versatile Gcm For Exoplanet E...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporadic Spin-orbit Variations in Compact Multiplanet Systems and Their Influence on Exoplanet Climate

Chen

Paradise

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Climate modeling has shown that tidally influenced terrestrial exoplanets, particularly those orbiting M-dwarfs, have unique atmospheric dynamics and surface conditions that may enhance their likelihood to host viable habitats. However, sporadic libration and rotation induced by planetary interactions, such as those due to mean motion resonances (MMR) in compact planetary systems, may destabilize attendant exoplanets away from synchronized states (1:1 spin-orbit ratios). Here, we use a three-dimensional N-rigid-body integrator and an intermediately complex general circulation model to simulate the evolving climates of TRAPPIST-1 e and f with different orbital- and spin-evolution pathways. Planet f scenarios perturbed by MMR effects with chaotic spin variations are colder and dryer compared to their synchronized counterparts due to the zonal drift of the substellar point away from open ocean basins of their initial eyeball states. On the other hand, the differences between perturbed and synchronized planet e are minor due to higher instellation, warmer surfaces, and reduced climate hysteresis. This is the first study to incorporate the time-dependent outcomes of direct gravitational N-rigid-body simulations into 3D climate modeling of extrasolar planets, and our results show that planets at the outer edge of the habitable zones in compact multiplanet systems are vulnerable to rapid global glaciations. In the absence of external mechanisms such as orbital forcing or tidal heating, these planets could be trapped in permanent snowball states.

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“…Even though convection adjustment schemes are too simplistic to represent the complexity of subgrid-scale convective plumes correctly, they are still often used in modeling planetary atmospheres to understand the key properties of convection (e.g. Lora et al 2015;Labonté & Merlis 2020;Turbet et al 2021a;Paradise et al 2022). The Adjust experiment thus is designed to test the effect of the representation of convection on the atmospheric circulation.…”

Section: Base and Sensitivity Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bistability of the atmospheric circulation on TRAPPIST-1e

Sergeev¹,

Lewis²,

Lambert³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Using a 3D general circulation model, we demonstrate that a confirmed rocky exoplanet and a primary observational target, TRAPPIST-1e presents an interesting case of climate bistability. We find that the atmospheric circulation on TRAPPIST-1e can exist in two distinct regimes for a 1 bar nitrogen-dominated atmosphere. One is characterized by a single strong equatorial prograde jet and a large day-night temperature difference; the other is characterized by a pair of mid-latitude prograde jets and a relatively small day-night contrast. The circulation regime appears to be highly sensitive to the model setup, including initial and surface boundary conditions, as well as physical parameterizations of convection and cloud radiative effects. We focus on the emergence of the atmospheric circulation during the early stages of simulations and show that the regime bistability is associated with a delicate balance between the zonally asymmetric heating, mean overturning circulation, and mid-latitude baroclinic instability. The relative strength of these processes places the GCM simulations on different branches of the evolution of atmospheric dynamics. The resulting steady states of the two regimes have consistent differences in the amount of water content and clouds, affecting the water absorption bands as well as the continuum level in the transmission spectrum, although they are too small to be detected with current technology. Nevertheless, this regime bistability affects the surface temperature, especially on the night side of the planet, and presents an interesting case for understanding atmospheric dynamics and highlights uncertainty in 3D GCM results, motivating more multi-model studies.

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ExoPlaSim: Extending the Planet Simulator for exoplanets

Cited by 15 publications

References 139 publications

The Sparse Atmospheric Model Sampling Analysis (SAMOSA) Intercomparison: Motivations and Protocol Version 1.0: A CUISINES Model Intercomparison Project

The Sparse Atmospheric Model Sampling Analysis (SAMOSA) Intercomparison: Motivations and Protocol Version 1.0: A CUISINES Model Intercomparison Project

Sporadic Spin-orbit Variations in Compact Multiplanet Systems and Their Influence on Exoplanet Climate

Bistability of the atmospheric circulation on TRAPPIST-1e

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