Exercise hyperthermia as a factor limiting physical performance: temperature effect on muscle metabolism

Kozłowski, S; Brzezińska, Z; Kruk, Barbara; Kaciuba-Uściłko, H.; Greenleaf, J. E.; Nazar, K

doi:10.1152/jappl.1985.59.3.766

Cited by 128 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Forty years ago, it was proposed that cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) might stop running upon reaching a critical body temperature (T b ) ( [11], but see [12]), which was confirmed further with other mammal models, including rats, antelopes, goats and dogs [13][14][15][16]. Fatigue is a complex multi-faceted phenomenon and one interesting avenue that has been investigated in humans is how body temperature increases during exercise, leading to hyperthermia-induced fatigue [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Does hyperthermia constrain flight duration in a short-distance migrant?

Guillemette

Woakes²,

Larochelle

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight'. While some migratory birds perform non-stop flights of over 11 000 km, many species only spend around 15% of the day in flight during migration, posing a question as to why flight times for many species are so short. Here, we test the idea that hyperthermia might constrain flight duration (FD) in a short-distance migrant using remote biologging technology to measure heart rate, hydrostatic pressure and body temperature in 19 migrating eider ducks (Somateria mollissima), a short-distance migrant. Our results reveal a stop-and-go migration strategy where migratory flights were frequent (14 flights day 21 ) and short (15.7 min), together with the fact that body temperature increases by 18C, on average, during such flights, which equates to a rate of heat storage index (HSI) of 48C h 21. Furthermore, we could not find any evidence that short flights were limited by heart rate, together with the fact that the numerous stops could not be explained by the need to feed, as the frequency of dives and the time spent feeding were comparatively small during the migratory period. We thus conclude that hyperthermia appears to be the predominant determinant of the observed migration strategy, and suggest that such a physiological limitation to FD may also occur in other species.This article is part of the themed issue 'Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight'.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Does hyperthermia constrain flight duration in a short-distance migrant?

Guillemette

Woakes²,

Larochelle

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Studies reporting improvement in endurance performance related to warm up at-tribute the benefit to an increase in VO 2 (Andzel, 1978;Andzel, Gutin, 1976;Genovely, Stamford, 1982;Grodjinovsky, Magel, 1970;Martin, Robinson, Wiegman, Aulick, 1975), an increase in heart rate (HR) (Andzel, 1978;Andzel, Gutin, 1976;Martin et al, 1975), a decrease in lactate accumulation (Gerbino, Ward, Whipp, 1996;Kozlowski et al, 1985;Mujika, de Txabarri, Maldonado-Martin, Pyne, 2012), or increased time to exhaus-tion (Ng, Cheng, Fung, Ngai, Wong, Yeung, 2007). Physiologically, the improved performance correlated to warm up may be related to the increased muscle temperature (Bishop, 2003a;Jones, Koppo, Burnley, 2003), improved VO 2 kinetics early in the exercise bout (Burnley, Jones, Carter, Doust, 2000;Gerbino et al, 1996;Hajoglou et al, 2005;Johnson et al, 2014), improved exercise tolerance (Carter et al, 2005), improved aerobic abilities (Bishop, 2003a;Carter et al, 2005;Hajoglou et al, 2005;Johnson et al, 2014;Jones et al, 2003), and increased nerve conduction velocity (Johnson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intensity and duration of the warm-up should be monitored to avoid significant disruptions in homeostasis such as muscle fatigue, high core temperatures, lactate production, and substrate depletion (Andzel, Busuttil, 1982;Bergstrom, Hermansen, Hultman, Saltin, 1967;Carter et al, 2005;Genovely, Stamford, 1982;Gregson et al, 2002;Kozlowski et al, 1985;Wittekind, Beneke, 2009). Warm-up intensities above lac-tate threshold tend to increase blood lactate response more than low-intensity warm-ups (Genovely, Stamford, 1982;Gray, Nimmo, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Warm-up Duration on Cycling Time Trial Performance in Trained Cyclists

Bunn

Eschbach

Magal

et al. 2017

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of three different warm-up condi-tions on a 5K cycling time trial (TT).Sixteen trained cyclists completed the study. At the first testing session, participants completed a maximal graded exercise test to assess maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) and a familiarization of the TT. At three subse-quent visits, the participants completed the TT after no warm up, short warm-up of three minutes at 60% VO 2 max, or long warm-up of ten minutes at 60% VO 2 max. The warm-up was assigned in randomized order. VO 2 , heart rate (HR), lactate, power, and speed were assessed after the warm-up, 1K, and completion of the 5K TT. There was no dif-ference between type of warm-up for time, power, cadence, speed, VO 2 , HR, or lactate levels at the end of the TT. There was no significant difference between type of warm-up for time, VO 2 or HR at the end of the 1K split. Warm-up length was not impactful on 5K TT performance or during the first km of the TT in trained cyclists. These results con-flict with previous evidence indicating that a warm-up in endurance events primarily improved VO 2 kinetics at the onset of the exercise.

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“…However, higher than expected RR and RT values can appear in heat stroke, with severe complications for the athletic dog such as acute renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, coagulation disorders, hepatocellular and myocardial necrosis and disturbances of electrolyte and acid-base balances (Bjotvedt et al, 1984;Dickinson and Sullivan, 1994). Furthermore, hyperthermia developed during sustained muscular work exerts adverse effects on muscle metabolism that is clearly a limitation to performance (Kozlowski et al, 1985;GonzalezAlonso, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Rovira¹,

Muñoz²,

Benito³

2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Exercise induces a variety of physiological and laboratorial changes of different magnitude and direction, depending on the characteristics of the performed exercise (duration and intensity) and on the fitness and training level of the dog. The present research aims to describe the normal response to a session of search and rescue exercise in trained dogs in order to distinguish these changes from those derived from exhaustion or diseases. Nine healthy and trained dogs of both sexes (five females and four males), aged between 24 months and seven years (mean: 3.5 years) were studied. Exercise consisted in a normal session of searching and rescue training of 20 min of duration, carried out in an open terrain. During the exercise, heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously with a HR-meter. Furthermore, respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and venous blood samples were extracted at rest (R), immediately after exercise (E) and at 5, 15 and 30 min of a passive recuperation (5REC, 15REC and 30REC). The following laboratorial parameters were studied: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), RBC volumetric indices, white blood cells (WBC), creatinine (CREAT), total plasma protein (TPP), lactate (LA), glucose (GLU), triacylglycerols (TAG), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Na, K, Cl, cortisol (CORT) and insulin (INS). Clinical signs indicative of exhaustion or exercise intolerance were not observed in the dogs during the study. HR increased with E and remained over the reference range until 30REC. RR and RT also rose with E, with the highest RR at 5REC. RBC, HB and PCV were not affected by E, whereas WBC increased at E. TPP, GLU, AST and K were not affect by E neither by REC. E induced elevations in CK, LDH, LA and INS, reaching R values at 30REC, 30REC, 15REC and 5REC, respectively. Plasma Na decreased with E and recovered at 30REC. Plasma Cl decreased with E, without additional significant changes. Circulating CORT concentrations were reduced with E, with the highest reduction at 10REC. Modifications of RR, RT, WBC, CREAT and TAG persisted throughout the recovery period. In conclusion, significant modifications in physiological and laboratorial parameters were induced by the searching and rescue exercise, with values outside the reference range for healthy dogs. These data provide a data base for evaluating ill or injured dogs during this type of exercise. In addition, there was not evidence of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and stress or muscle disorders in the studied dogs.

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Exercise hyperthermia as a factor limiting physical performance: temperature effect on muscle metabolism

Cited by 128 publications

References 0 publications

Does hyperthermia constrain flight duration in a short-distance migrant?

Does hyperthermia constrain flight duration in a short-distance migrant?

The Effects of Warm-up Duration on Cycling Time Trial Performance in Trained Cyclists

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

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