Examining prison entrepreneurship programs, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience as drivers for prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions

Abstract

PurposeEx-prisoners often experience negative stigma from society, making it difficult to find employment upon release. Prison institutions play an active role in building character and improving prisoners' skills by providing various empowerment programs to increase opportunities for their economic potential. However, these programs are considered not optimal in increasing the entrepreneurial intentions of prisoners. This study aims to identify the effects of prison entrepreneurship programs, entrepreneurial resilience and self-efficacy as drivers in increasing prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions. This study also examines the effect of these variables focusing on prisoners with neither entrepreneurial experience nor entrepreneurial training.Design/methodology/approachThis study deployed a quantitative method by distributing a questionnaire to prisoners involved in talent and skill development activities (called BIMKER, an abbreviation in Indonesian, which means Work Guidance), a compulsory program provided by prison institutions. A total of 204 prisoners, including 70 with no entrepreneurial experience, completed the research questionnaire in one of the prison institutions in Indonesia. Partial least sequential-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used as the analytical technique.FindingsThe study findings show that the prison entrepreneurship program has not been able to influence prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions directly. However, the prison entrepreneurship program has a positive and significant effect on increasing prisoners' self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience that ultimately encourages the emergence of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial resilience was found not to affect entrepreneurial intentions for prisoners with no entrepreneurial experience and who have never attended entrepreneurship training.Originality/valueThis study identifies the drivers of prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions, including prison entrepreneurship programs, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience. These can be used as references to build understanding at the theoretical level and can be adopted practically. This study expands the social cognitive theory (SCT) and entrepreneurial intention models (EIMs) by adding new insights into the context of prison entrepreneurship that underline the potential of prisoners engaging in entrepreneurship, once released, to expand opportunities, learning and employment. This study highlights the importance of implementing prison entrepreneurship programs to reduce crime, recidivism rates, poverty and inequality.

The influence of the propensity of small-firm managers to enroll in training programs on subsequent training outcome

“…Expectancy theory and intention formation theory of management learning both predict that participants with high participation propensity will have high training outcomes (Chung et 2022; Ciptono et al. , 2023; Colquitt et al.…”

“…This view has been supported by management training and entrepreneurship education studies, suggesting that individual attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (Ajzen, 1991) and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997) both predicts individuals' intentions to attend training and affects cognitive and behavioral training outcomes (Chung et al. , 2022; Ciptono et al. , 2023).…”

“…Much consistently, theory of planned behavior predicts that low training motivation associates with individuals' general attitudes toward toward formal training, perceptions of others' attitudes hereof and perceptions of behavioral control (Chung et al. , 2022; Ciptono et al. , 2023).…”

Developing Female Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intentions through an Entrepreneurial Mindset and Motives

“…While prison entrepreneurship programs have been shown to have no direct impact on prisoners' EIs, they have been found to enhance prisoners' self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience, which in turn, promote the development of EI [42]. However, previous studies have suggested that entrepreneurial resilience does not affect the EIs of prisoners who have no prior experience with entrepreneurship training [43].…”

English Language: Commonly Used Instructional Materials in Teaching and Learning

“…Guidance for convicts is the final part of the criminal justice system and the criminal justice system. Correctional Institutions will prepare various coaching programs for convicts according to the level of education, gender, religion and type of crime committed by each inmate (Ciptono et al, 2022).…”