Moving people from their normal work place or school environment to a camp site can be an efficient means for team building, creativity training and innovation boosting purposes. The camp model is increasingly used in the entrepreneurship education field as a supplement to classroom teaching. Some camps focus at the generation of ideas while others focus at the turning of ideas into concepts and rudimentary plans. By means of in-depth studies of three quite different camps, all demonstrating convincing results, the learning outcomes, pedagogies and principles for camps are identified and discussed.
Purpose – Entrepreneurial learning through formal growth-oriented training programs for SME managers promises to enhance the growth competences and growth intentions of the enrolled managers. The impact of such programs, however, depends on who enrolls since initial competence and growth-intention levels vary significantly. Potential participants may suffer from limited ability to transform new knowledge into practice, absence of growth intention and too high or too low a prior competence level to be able to benefit substantially. Selection and self-selection processes therefore have a bearing on the extent to which such programs result in additionality, i.e. improved growth performance compared to non-intervention. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Selection and self-selection processes are explored through a study of a large-scale training program for growth-oriented managers of small Danish firms. This program has, from 2012 to 2015, trained about 700 SME managers. Data are currently available for 366 of these participants. This evidence is compared with survey results from a randomly selected control group of 292 growth-oriented SME managers in the same firm-size group. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Findings – A number of selection and self-selection biases were identified in the analysis. While some of the identified biases did not seem to conflict with the ambitions of this growth program, others potentially have consequences for the additionality of the program. Originality/value – The paper is the first systematic study of the importance of who enrolls in training programs for SME managers.
GRO-ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION and the alternative/conventionalA agriculture debate became an important feature in industrialized countries during the 1980s and 1990s @eus and Dunlap 1990; Lowe 1992). A combination of voluntary and compulsory measures have been applied by governments to promote the development of more eco-friendly agriculture, and regulatory processes interface in complicated ways with economic and social processes within agriculture.Voluntary environmental regulation, which aims at informing, educating and advising farmers or at influencing their values and attitudes, is often regarded as inefficient and a farmers' 'trick' to avoid compulsory measures such as new responsibilities or mandatory rules for use of manure and agro-chemicals. Voluntary measures have no doubt been advocated by farmers in their political struggle against compulsory regulation, but recent surveys among farmers in Denmark and the Netherlands, and investigations of farmer study group schemes in both countries, question the inefficiency assumption. A process of change in farmers' behaviour and attitudes can be observed, and voluntary measures seem to have played an important part.The combination of voluntary and compulsory measures has stopped the post-war intensification process in the two countries, and to some extent even resulted in extensification. It is possible to see such reversal merely as a consequence of the restrictions which compulsory measures have imposed upon rational farmers, but probably there is more to it. The sustainability agenda has partly been adopted by the farming community and their priorities and values have changed. This implies that farmers would not automatically turn back into old practices, even if all restrictions and incentives were removed. One
This article addresses venture team relationships in an advanced high tech incubator through an analysis of the personal relationships of venture team members. During the study period of almost 2 years, the ventures were projected to grow and commercialise but, overall, they failed. Quantitative data collected in two rounds showed that commercial relationships remained weak while political relationships intensified. Qualitative follow-up interviews suggest that the political rivalry and low level of knowledge sharing between the ventures were further exacerbated by the individualistic-competitive structure of the incubator and weak management in some respects.
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