Ex vivo investigation of glycerol diffusion in skin tissue

Abstract

Abstract. The change of optical parameters of rat skin ex vivo under the action of aqueous 30%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 85%, and 100% glycerol solutions has been experimentally studied. The analysis of kinetics of the change of the studied parameters has allowed the estimate of the diffusion coefficient dependence upon the concentration of glycerol in the skin and the efficiency of optical clearing for each of the glycerol solutions. The results can find application in the development of new methods of noninvasive diagnostics and therapy of skin diseases.

Hydrogen bound water profiles in the skin influenced by optical clearing molecular agents—Quantitative analysis using confocal Raman microscopy

“…Strongly bound water, which is approximately 44% of the total water in the skin (0‐200 μm), can also take part in this flux, but at lower mobility. These results are in good agreement with the results presented in and are slightly lower that the result obtained for muscle tissues . This difference can be explained by the skin heterogeneity and different water bounding properties of epidermis and dermis in comparison with other tissues.…”

“…Only for that condition, glycerol or iohexol molecules are flowing. Thus, it was shown that 60% to 70% glycerol solution has the lowest diffusion coefficient in skin because only glycerol molecules are involved in diffusion process . In our case, weakly bound water and unbound water (together approximately 55% of total water in the skin [0‐200 μm]), as most mobile water types, are mostly included in the water flux in the skin during the OC process.…”

A robust ex vivo method to evaluate the diffusion properties of agents in biological tissues

“…In stratum corneum, the D values for water are in the order of 10 −11 − 10 −9 cm 2 /s . For white laboratory rats, glycerol molecules have D ≅ 10 −6 cm 2 /s in ex vivo skin (dermis) and glucose and ethylene glycol (EG) have D ≅ 10 −7 cm 2 /s in ex vivo muscle , one order lower than for water in the same tissues . Similar values have been obtained for glycerol ( D ≅ 10 −7 cm 2 /s) and water ( D ≅ 10 −6 cm 2 /s) in human liver and for glucose ( D ≅ 10 −7 cm 2 /s) and water ( D ≅ 10 −6 cm 2 /s) in normal and pathological colorectal mucosa .…”

Study of glycerol diffusion in skin and myocardium ex vivo under the conditions of developing alloxan-induced diabetes

“…Glycerol solutions of different concentrations are frequently used for optical clearing of tissues [11,[14][15][16]. Our choice of concentration for the glycerol solution was determined by its relatively low viscosity (22.5 cP) in comparison with the dehydrated glycerol (1410.0 cP) [17] and yet sufficiently high refractive index of 1.427 [17] (Table 1).…”

“…Our choice of concentration for the glycerol solution was determined by its relatively low viscosity (22.5 cP) in comparison with the dehydrated glycerol (1410.0 cP) [17] and yet sufficiently high refractive index of 1.427 [17] (Table 1). Moreover, the studies of the efficiency of skin optical clearing using aqueous glycerol solutions of different concentrations [11,14,16] have shown that the concentration of 70% is close to optimal. Table 1 Refractive index and viscosity of glycerol solutions of different concentration [17].…”