Evaluation of mutagenic effects of pure hydroxyapatite doped with chromium (III) through the SMART Test in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Abstract

Abstract. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a bioceramic used in the medical and dental areas as a bone replacement factor due to its chemical similarity to the mineral phase of bones and teeth. Its use in implants stimulate the growth of bone tissue, showing no toxicity or rejection of the host tissue. Its nanostructured form has been shown to be a viable alternative for photoprotection when doped with metal ions, such as trivalent chromium (Cr + ³). Due to the reach of this form among the population, this work evaluated the mutagenic potential of pure nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAP) and doped with trivalent chromium (Cr + ³) (HCrIII) by means of the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART Test) on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) wings. Larvae resulting from standard crosses (ST) and high metabolic bioactivation (HB), treated with PAH and with HCrIII at concentrations 16.66 mg/mL, 8.33 mg/mL, and 4.16 mg/mL. As positive and negative controls, urethane and dodecyl sulfate sodium (SDS) were used, respectively. The frequencies of the different categories of mutant spots observed in offspring of HAP (HAP) and HCrIII treated crosses were not significantly different from those observed in the negative control. These data show that pure and chromium-doped (Cr + ³) nanoestructured hydroxyapatite do not exhibit mutagenicity. Keywords

Cationic Substitutions in Hydroxyapatite: Current Status of the Derived Biofunctional Effects and Their In Vitro Interrogation Methods

“…In terms of haemocompatibility, the use of a low content of Cr dopant (0.5 at.%) is compulsory, as the blood cells are highly susceptible to cytotoxic stimuli [319]. Tests performed on Drosophila melanogaster Meigen genes have shown that Cr-doped (1 at.%) HA powders do not exhibit genotoxicity [320].…”