Evaluation of mechanical abuse techniques in lithium ion batteries

Lamb, Joshua; Orendorff, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.066

Cited by 185 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is expected that the presence of an internal mandrel would significantly affect the mechanism of thermal runaway propagation; the electrode assembly layers would be pinched between the mandrel and the nail, leading to additional shorting as a result of compressive damage. 7 Position 4. Here, the 18650 cell was vertically oriented and the nail penetrated through the cell-header ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Thermal Behavior-inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inducing an ondemand local failure within the cell that is representative of an infield failure poses a great challenge. 7 Mechanical abuse using blunt objects can also lead to internal short-circuiting. For example, when mechanical failure of the electrode assembly occurs due to applied tensile strain, electrically conducting layers from the positive and negative electrode can make contact, causing an internal short circuit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

Finegan

Tjaden

Heenan

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

130

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Mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries is widely used during testing to induce thermal runaway, characterize associated risks, and expose cell and module vulnerabilities. However, the repeatability of puncture or 'nail penetration' tests is a key issue as there is often a high degree of variability in the resulting thermal runaway process. In this work, the failure mechanisms of 18650 cells punctured at different locations and orientations are characterized with respect to their internal structural degradation, and both their internal and surface temperature, all of which are monitored in real time. The initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is visualized via high-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography at 2000 frames per second, and the surface and internal temperatures are recorded via infrared imaging and a thermocouple embedded in the tip of the penetrating nail, respectively. The influence of the nail, as well as how and where it penetrates the cell, on the initiation and propagation of thermal runaway is described and the suitability of this test method for representing in-field failures is discussed.

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Section: Thermal Behavior-inmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

Finegan

Tjaden

Heenan

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conventional mechanical evaluation techniques have been criticized because they only show how the cells behave under an abuse condition instead of truly replicating the conditions of a field failure. 22 The first successful direct visualization of an ISC conducted by synchrotron X-ray imaging may help in updating existing testing standards and creating new ones for next-generation LIB technology.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Amount Of Lms Determined By Morphological mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Mechanisms of Internal Short Circuit in a Li/Li Cell by Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography

et al. 2016

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Knowledge about degradation and failure of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is of paramount importance especially because failure can be accompanied by severe hazards. To contribute to the understanding of such phenomena synchrotron in-line phase contrast Xray tomography was employed to investigate internal cell deformation and degradation caused by an internal short circuit (ISC). The tomographic images taken from an uncycled Li/Li cell and a short-circuited Li/Li cell reveal how lithium microstructures (LmS) develop during electrochemical stripping and plating during discharge and charge and how the three-layer separator used is damaged by growing LmSs and delaminates and melts as a consequence of an ISC. Previously unknown insights into the internal cell degradation and deformation mechanisms caused by an ISC are obtained and provide hints of how the properties of the separator could be modified in order to improve the reliability and safety of current and next-generation LIBs.

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“…According to literature review, all the existed ISCr trigger methods have the same logic. One way to initiate ISCr is by pinching the battery until part of the separator are broken without penetrating the battery, including NASA round rod crush test, 9 UL blunt nail test, [10][11][12] ORNL-Motorola automated pinch test. 13 These methods who attempt to initiate ISCr inside finished batteries do create short circuit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Short Circuit Trigger Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Shape Memory Alloy

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Internal short circuit (ISCr) is one of the major safety issues of lithium batteries and would lead to thermal runaway of batteries. Repeating ISCr in laboratory requires to create small-scale short circuit inside integrated batteries, which is very hard for existed safety test methods. In this paper, a novel ISCr trigger method based on shape memory effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) is proposed, which is easy to be implanted into batteries while has minor influences on batteries normal performance. The proposed SMA ISCr trigger method is employed to conduct ISCr experiments, including the severest type of ISCr, the Aluminum-Anode ISCr, and the most common type of ISCr, the Cathode-Anode ISCr. The experiments results show that the Aluminum-Anode ISCr leads to explosion while the Cathode-Anode ISCr only leads to mild self-discharging. Compared with the nail penetration test, the proposed SMA ISCr trigger method in the Aluminum-Anode ISCr experiment has 1) better consistency, given that all of the 4 tested batteries have their maximum temperature in the range of 383∼393 • C; 2) better reliability in evaluating battery safety properties, given that all of the 4 tested batteries have the repeatable explosion behavior. The relative ease of inserting this controllable SMA ISCr and the repeatability of the produced data can lead to better modeling and detection techniques of battery internal shorts such as plating and dendrite formation. The lithium battery becomes more and more popular among electronic devices and electric vehicles, due to its high energy density, good power density and long cycle life.

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Evaluation of mechanical abuse techniques in lithium ion batteries

Cited by 185 publications

References 14 publications

Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

Tracking Internal Temperature and Structural Dynamics during Nail Penetration of Lithium-Ion Cells

Study of the Mechanisms of Internal Short Circuit in a Li/Li Cell by Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography

Internal Short Circuit Trigger Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Shape Memory Alloy

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