Study of the Mechanisms of Internal Short Circuit in a Li/Li Cell by Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography

Sun, Fu; Moroni, Riko; Dong, Kang; Markötter, Henning; Zhou, Dong; Hilger, André; Zielke, Lukas; Zengerle, Roland; Thiele, Simon; Banhart, John; Manke, Ingo

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00589

Cited by 93 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Compared to destructive and post-mortem characterization,t his unique technique reveals morphological information nondestructively and noninvasively. [21,23] We present time-lapse X-ray radioscopy( dynamic X-ray radiography) of the microstructure evolution of silicon particles during the first (de)lithiation, as well as of degradation during subsequent cycling. Contrary to ap revious report based on simulation, [17c] the expansion and shrinkage of silicon particles are demonstrated to be nonlinear with lithium insertion during battery cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ and Operando Tracking of Microstructure and Volume Evolution of Silicon Electrodes by using Synchrotron X‐ray Imaging

et al. 2018

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The internal microstructure of a silicon electrode in a lithium ion battery was visualized by operando synchrotron X‐ray radioscopy during battery cycling. The silicon particles were found to change their sizes upon lithiation and delithiation and the changes could be quantified. It was found that volume change of a particle is related to its initial size and is also largely determined by the changing surrounding electron‐conductive network and internal interface chemical environment (e.g., electrolyte migration, solid–electrolyte interphase propagation) within fractured particles. Moreover, an expansion prolongation phenomenon was discovered whereby some particles continue expanding even after switching the battery current direction and shrinkage would be expected, which is explained by assuming different expansion characteristics of particle cores and outer regions. The study provides new basic insights into processes inside Si particles during lithiation and delithiation and also demonstrates the unique possibilities of operando synchrotron X‐ray imaging for studying degradation mechanisms in battery materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ and Operando Tracking of Microstructure and Volume Evolution of Silicon Electrodes by using Synchrotron X‐ray Imaging

et al. 2018

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“…The fluctuation must be limited to the nanoscale for AFM detection, while the domain of Li dendrites (or uneven Li deposition) is typically in the range of micrometers. 7 Li magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neutron depth profiling (NDP) have also been proposed for a semi‐quantitative determination of Li nucleation and growth . However, their spatial resolution is relatively low (the resolution for MRI is 0.1 mm, NDP has no lateral resolution), which might miss valuable characteristics of the Li distribution.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Probing of Active Lithium Distribution in Lithium Metal Anodes

Cheng

Xian

et al. 2019

Angewandte Chemie

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The uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites and the accumulation of byproducts are two severe concerns for lithium metal batteries,w hich leads to safety hazardsa nd alow Coulombic efficiency.T oinvestigate the deterioration of the cell, it is important to figure out the distribution of active Li species on the anode surface and distinguish Li dendrites from byproducts.H owever,i ti ss till challenging to identify these issues by conventional visual observation methods.I nt his work, we introduce anovel fluorescent probing strategy using 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA). By marking the cycled Lianode surface,t he active Li distribution can be visualized by the fluorescence quenching of DMA reacting with active Li. The method demonstrates validity for electrolyte selection and predictive detection of uneven Li deposition on Li metal anodes.F urthermore,t he location of dendrites can be clearly identified after destructive utilization of the anode,w hich will contribute to the development of failure-analysis technology for Li metal batteries.

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“…Investigating and understanding the root causes of cell failures allow us to re-engineer the way cells are constructed or manufactured to then mitigate the safety hazards [19] associated with the likelihood of internal short circuits in LIBs. It is not straightforward to capture all failure origins in batteries as they are closed systems.…”

Section: The Thermal Runaway Cascadementioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Deeper into the Galaxy (Note 7)

et al. 2018

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Li-ion cell designs, component integrity, and manufacturing processes all have critical influence on the safety of Li-ion batteries. Any internal defective features that induce a short circuit, can trigger a thermal runaway: a cascade of reactions, leading to a device fire. As consumer device manufacturers push aggressively for increased battery energy, instances of field failure are increasingly reported. Notably, Samsung made a press release in 2017 following a total product recall of their Galaxy Note 7 mobile phone, confirming speculation that the events were attributable to the battery and its mode of manufacture. Recent incidences of battery swelling on the new iPhone 8 have been reported in the media, and the techniques and lessons reported herein may have future relevance. Here we look deeper into the key components of one of these cells and confirm evidence of cracking of electrode material in tightly folded areas, combined with a delamination of surface coating on the separator, which itself is an unusually thin monolayer. We report microstructural information about the electrodes, battery welding attributes, and thermal mapping of the battery whilst operational. The findings present a deeper insight into the battery's component microstructures than previously disseminated. This points to the most probable combination of events and highlights the impact of design features, whilst providing structural considerations most likely to have led to the reported incidences relating to this phone.

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Study of the Mechanisms of Internal Short Circuit in a Li/Li Cell by Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography

Cited by 93 publications

References 83 publications

In situ and Operando Tracking of Microstructure and Volume Evolution of Silicon Electrodes by using Synchrotron X‐ray Imaging

In situ and Operando Tracking of Microstructure and Volume Evolution of Silicon Electrodes by using Synchrotron X‐ray Imaging

Fluorescence Probing of Active Lithium Distribution in Lithium Metal Anodes

Looking Deeper into the Galaxy (Note 7)

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