Internal Short Circuit Trigger Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Shape Memory Alloy

Abstract

Internal short circuit (ISCr) is one of the major safety issues of lithium batteries and would lead to thermal runaway of batteries. Repeating ISCr in laboratory requires to create small-scale short circuit inside integrated batteries, which is very hard for existed safety test methods. In this paper, a novel ISCr trigger method based on shape memory effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) is proposed, which is easy to be implanted into batteries while has minor influences on batteries normal performance. The proposed SMA ISCr trigger method is employed to conduct ISCr experiments, including the severest type of ISCr, the Aluminum-Anode ISCr, and the most common type of ISCr, the Cathode-Anode ISCr. The experiments results show that the Aluminum-Anode ISCr leads to explosion while the Cathode-Anode ISCr only leads to mild self-discharging. Compared with the nail penetration test, the proposed SMA ISCr trigger method in the Aluminum-Anode ISCr experiment has 1) better consistency, given that all of the 4 tested batteries have their maximum temperature in the range of 383∼393 • C; 2) better reliability in evaluating battery safety properties, given that all of the 4 tested batteries have the repeatable explosion behavior. The relative ease of inserting this controllable SMA ISCr and the repeatability of the produced data can lead to better modeling and detection techniques of battery internal shorts such as plating and dendrite formation. The lithium battery becomes more and more popular among electronic devices and electric vehicles, due to its high energy density, good power density and long cycle life.

Investigation of Internal Short Circuits of Lithium-Ion Batteries under Mechanical Abusive Conditions

“…Physical contact between two electrodes, an electrode and a current collector, or two current collectors can cause an ISC. Zhang et al utilized a shape-memory alloy to trigger different types of ISCs while keeping the battery integrity [25]. Experimental observations have provided little insight into the complicated mechanisms of ISCs.…”

Liquid Cybernetic Systems: The Fourth‐Order Cybernetics

“…But, again, the typical timescale is too broad for practical uses, with rare exceptions, such as shape memory alloys. [7] Spinodal decomposition, martensitic transformations are fast, sometimes violent, reactions, making it difficult a technological approach. [8] Our guess for a practical implementation of the fourth order requires to include in the picture fractal holograms: such systems that see an agent able to reconfigure DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000120 Technological development in robotics, computing architectures and devices, and information storage systems, in one single word: cybernetic systems, has progressed according to a jeopardized connection scheme, difficult if not impossible to track and picture in all its streams.…”

“…But, again, the typical timescale is too broad for practical uses, with rare exceptions, such as shape memory alloys. [ 7 ] Spinodal decomposition, martensitic transformations are fast, sometimes violent, reactions, making it difficult a technological approach. [ 8 ] Our guess for a practical implementation of the fourth order requires to include in the picture fractal holograms: such systems that see an agent able to reconfigure itself and rise to the level of multitude, implying that the rules of the whole multitude are mapped onto each agent (justifying fractal nature) and that the manifestation of a multi‐dimensional configuration space derives from a low‐dimensional information (justifying holographic nature).…”

Lithium-ion Battery Thermal Safety by Early Internal Detection, Prediction and Prevention

“…Zhang et al . introduced internal short-circuit to LIB with memory alloy, and it took 18 s on average for battery surface temperature to reach peak value after short circuit was triggered 12 . For real-time electrode temperature monitoring, Zhang et al .…”