Evaluation of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> anti-arthritic potential of <i>Berberis calliobotrys</i>

Abstract

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;The present study was commenced to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of 70% methanol extract and &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-butanol and aqueous fractions of &lt;em&gt;Berberis calliobotrys&lt;/em&gt; using both &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; arthritis models. Extract and fractions were investigated&lt;em&gt; in vitro&lt;/em&gt; for inhibition of protein (bovine serum and egg albumin) denaturation and human red blood cell membrane stabilization. &lt;em&gt;In vivo&lt;/em&gt; anti-arthritic activity of extract and fractions at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg was assessed using turpentine oil and formaldehyde-induced arthritis, while, 200 mg/kg dose was evaluated against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis. &lt;em&gt;B. calliobotrys&lt;/em&gt; produced significant (p&amp;lt;0.001) dose dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and human red blood cell membrane stabilization. In turpentine oil, formaldehyde and complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis models,&lt;em&gt; B. calliobotrys&lt;/em&gt; significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) reduced joint and paw swelling. &lt;em&gt;B. calliobotrys&lt;/em&gt; markedly improved body weight, hematology profile, radiological and histopathological parameters in complete Freund’s adjuvant model. It could be concluded that &lt;em&gt;B. calliobotrys&lt;/em&gt; holds anti-arthritic potential, supporting its traditional use in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Assessment of anti-arthritic potential of Ephedra gerardiana by in vitro and in vivo methods

“…The absorbance was assessed at 660 nm, after cooling. The inhibition percentage of egg albumin denaturation was figured out as under (Alamgeer et al, 2015). …”

“…The spectrophotometer at 560 nm was used to estimate hemoglobin content in supernatant. The percentage membrane stabilization was worked out by under mentioned formula (Alamgeer et al, 2015):…”

“…The hypotonic solution causes rupturing of lysosomal membrane, consequently bringing about release of lysosomal enzymes (bacterial enzymes and proteases) and phospholipase A2 that recruits the generation of inflammatory intermediaries. Hence, stabilization of red blood cell membrane obviates the liberation of inflammatory intermediaries, which diminishes cell rupture and tissue injury (Alamgeer et al, 2015). Some NSAIDS and glucocorticoids stabilize lysosomes in tissue cells and thereby preclude the discharge of lysosomal enzymes into cytoplasm of cells, thus avoiding deterioration (Udavant et al, 2012).…”

Antiarthritic efficacy of Clematis orientalis

“…Soaking and filtration process was repeated 3 times more. After removal of solvent under pressure in a rotary evaporator, the residue was dried with 12.6% yield from 5 kg powdered plant material (Alamgeer et al, 2015). Different fractions were prepared using extract (120 g) by sequential solvent partition using various organic solvents hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol so as to concentrate the activities in any one of the resultant composites.…”

“…10% v/v suspension of RBCs was prepared using blood from a normal healthy participant with isosaline for use in the experiment by following method as described by (Alamgeer et al, 2015).…”