Background:Admission to university is a very sensitive period of life for efficient, active, and young workforces in any country, and it is mostly associated with many changes in social and human relationships. These changes lead to anxiety in students. Moreover, humans need certain functions in order to adaptively deal with different life situations and challenges. By training stress management, these functions can help human acquire the required abilities.Objective:The present study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of stress management training in anxiety, psychological hardiness, and general self-efficacy among university students.Method:The study was a quasi-experimental intervention (pretest-posttest-follow-up) including a control group, it was a fundamental applied study. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Convenient sampling was employed to select 30 students who were divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). Before stress management training, both groups filled out Beck Anxiety Inventory, Long and Goulet scale of psychological hardiness, and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE-10). Afterwards, the experimental group was provided with stress management training. And after the experiment, the abovementioned questionnaires and scales were responded by the two groups. Finally the collected data were analyzed and compared using one-way MANOVA.Results:The results of MANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of anxiety, hardiness, and general self-efficacy (p<0.001).Conclusion:According to the results of the present study and those of previous investigations that are in agreement with those of the present study, it can be concluded that stress management among university students cause anxiety to drop; moreover, it enhances their psychological hardiness and self-efficacy. In regard with the role and importance of stress management, training this skill should be included in educational plans of university.
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Ziziphus jujuba Mill. belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, has been consumed since ancient times as a medicine and food. In the different traditional medical schools, Z. jujuba has been used to treat various diseases such as respiratory system diseases (asthma, cough, and laryngitis), gastrointestinal problems (constipation, colitis and liver diseases), as well as, cardiovascular and genitourinary system diseases. From the perspective of Islamic traditional medicine (ITM) Z.jujuba fruit is an emollient, laxative, and maturative, it can purify blood and improve blood circulation, relieve internal heat and reduce inflammation. Some therapeutic uses of Z. jujuba such as antibacterial, antioxidant, sedative, hepato-protective, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities have been shown in modern pharmacological studies. In the current study, traditional and ethno-medicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Z. jujuba were reviewed.
Abestract Background: Given the highly increasing weight in individuals and its complications in different societies, as well as the advances in bariatric surgery techniques, it is necessary to develop psychological interventions to reduce postoperative complications and to increase their positive outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) model on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study used pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all obese women undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Shiraz Ghadir Mother-Child Subspecialty Hospital in fall and winter 2016. Convenience sampling was used to select 30 women, who were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The data were collected with a scale and stadiometer, tape measure, and a demographic questionnaire for each group in two steps (pre-test and post-test). IMB model was implemented for the experimental group for four weeks (a 1.5 hour session per week) in the hospital's Obesity Clinic. Data were analyzed in SPSS19 software using MANCOVA at the significance level of P <0.05. Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that IMB model had a significant effect on improving weight and body size in obese women undergoing bariatric surgery (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that Information Motivation Behavioral model can be effective on improving weight and body size in women undergoing bariatric surgery.
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